Definition
Renal failure refers to the inability of the excretory organ (kidney) to perform its functions correctly. acute form
Causes
The causes triggering renal failure are different in the two forms:
- Chronic renal failure: prolonged intake of alcohol, drugs and drugs, kidney stones, diabetes and hypertension in an advanced and maltreated form, prostatic hypertrophy, tumors.
- Acute kidney failure: abuse of alcohol, drugs, drugs, inflammation (pyelonephritis, glomerulo-nephritis, polycystic kidney disease)
Symptoms
The severity of the symptom depends on the form in which renal insufficiency occurs: anemia, asthenia, swollen ankles, muscle cramps, difficulty urinating (dysuria), bone metabolism disorders, lower back pain, emesis, swollen legs, hypertension, nausea, oliguria, proteinuria, water retention, discontinuation of urine output, electrolyte imbalances, dark / bloody urine.
Complications: hyperparathyroidism, hyperphosphatemia, hypo / hypercalcemia
Diet and Nutrition
The information on Kidney Failure - Drugs to Treat Kidney Failure is not intended to replace the direct relationship between health professional and patient. Always consult your doctor and / or specialist before taking Kidney Failure - Drugs for the Treatment Kidney failure.
Medicines
It should be noted that in the case of renal insufficiency, the intake of drugs can cause unpleasant side effects in various circumstances: when the secretion of the substance taken is reduced (accumulation of toxic metabolites); when the patient becomes sensitive to the drug; when the " effectiveness of the active ingredient is reduced. In order to avoid these unpleasant inconveniences, the patient must undergo a thorough medical examination, where the specialist will eventually correct the dosage of that particular drug or change the therapy completely.
The following are the classes of drugs most used in therapy against renal insufficiency, and some examples of pharmacological specialties; it is up to the doctor to choose the most suitable active ingredient and dosage for the patient, based on the severity of the disease, the state health of the patient and his response to treatment:
Erythropoietin: epoetin (eg EPREX ALFA, NEO-RECORMON, Binocrit, Abseamed) is a recombinant human erythropoietin used in the treatment of erythropoietin deficiency anemia in the context of chronic renal failure. Subcutaneous administration of 50-100 units / kg is recommended; alternatively, administer the drug intravenously three times a week.
VITAMIN D: the administration of vitamin D and derivatives is recommended in case of severe renal insufficiency that requires a supplement of this vitamin.
- Alfacalcidol (eg Diseon, Diserinal, Geniad, Dediol): to be taken orally or by intravenous injection (in 30 seconds), initially administered 1 µg per day (the dosage can be changed by the doctor to avoid hypercalcemic episodes); subsequently, continue the therapy by administering 0.25-1 µg per day, depending on the patient and the severity of the disease.
- Calcitriol (eg. Calcitriol Eg, Calcitriol Hsp, Rocaltrol): for patients suffering from hypocalcemia associated with chronic renal failure on dialysis, it is recommended to take 0.5 µg (about 10 ng / kg) 3 times a week at the beginning of therapy; when necessary, increase the dosage by 0.25-0.5 µg at intervals of 2-4 weeks.
Loop diuretics
- FUROSEMIDE (eg Furosemide Age, LASIX, Spirofur) it is possible to take the drug by mouth or parenterally. Orally, it is recommended to start treatment at a dosage of 20-80 mg per day, and to continue treatment by increasing the dose by 20-40 mg every 6-8 hours, until the desired effect is achieved. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 600 mg. Continuously intravenously, administer 0.1 mg / kg as an initial dose, followed by 0.1 mg / kg or double dose every 2 hours, up to a maximum of 0.4 mg / kg each "Now. Consult your doctor.
- Torsemide (eg Demadex): take orally or intravenously 10 mg of substance once a day. The duration of therapy must be determined by the doctor.
- ETHACRINIC ACID (eg REOMAX, Ac etacr): the drug is particularly indicated in case of chronic renal failure associated with hypertension. It is recommended to take one tablet (50 mg) a day, in the morning after breakfast. Parenteral administration is also possible.
Chelating agents: indicated in case of chronic renal failure associated with hyperphosphataemia in hemodialysis patients.
- SEVELAMER (eg RENAGEL, 400-800 mg tablets, RENVELA, 800 mg tablets or 1.6 g and 2.4 g powder, for oral suspension). Generally, a dose of 2.4-4.8 g per day is initially taken, in three administrations during meals. The dosage will be changed later by the physician based on the plasma concentration of phosphate.
- Aluminum hydroxide: it is an antacid containing aluminum, used in therapy as a phosphorus chelating agent for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in the context of chronic renal failure. The recommended dose ranges from 500 to 1000 mg / day, taken orally in 4 divided doses. Again, the dosage should be adjusted during therapy based on serum phosphate levels.
