Nutritional requirements of mineral salts and vitamins

o consumption of food and / or drinks, the achievement of which indicates the reduction of the risk of chronic degenerative diseases in the general population

Average Requirement (AR) - average requirement

The level of nutrient intake that is sufficient to meet the needs of 50% of healthy individuals in a specific population group.

Adequate Intake (AI) - Adequate Intake

The level of intake of the nutrient that is assumed is adequate to meet the needs of the population.

Generally it is obtained from the average intakes observed in an apparently healthy population free from manifest deficiencies.

It is used when AR and PRI cannot reasonably be formulated based on the available scientific evidence.

Population Reference Intake (PRI) - recommended intake for the population

The level of nutrient intake sufficient to meet the needs of nearly all (97.5%) healthy individuals in a specific population group.

Tolerable maximum level of intake (UL) and nutritional goal for the population (SDT): values ​​on a daily basis.

MINERALS: MAXIMUM TOLERABLE LEVEL OF RECRUITMENT (UL) Age Calcium (mg) Magnesium (mg) Zinc (mg) Copper (mg) Selenium (μg) Iodine (μg) Molybdenum (μg) Fluorine (mg) INFANTS 6-12 months nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd CHILDREN-TEENAGERS 1-3 years nd nd 7 1 60 200 100 1,5 4-6 years nd 250 10 2 90 250 200 2,5 7-10 years nd 250 13 3 130 300 250 2,5 Males 11-14 years nd 250 18 4 200 450 400 5 15-17 years nd 250 22 4 250 500 500 7 Females 11-14 years nd 250 18 4 200 450 400 5 15-17 years nd 250 22 4 250 500 500 7 ADULTS Males 18-29 years old 2500 250 25 5 300 600 600 7 30-59 years 2500 150 25 5 300 600 600 7 60-74 years 2500 250 25 5 300 600 600 7 ≥75 years 2500 250 25 5 300 600 600 7 Females 18-29 years old 2500 250 25 5 300 600 600 7 30-59 years 2500 250 25 5 300 600 600 7 60-74 years 2500 250 25 5 300 600 600 7 ≥75 years 2500 250 25 5 300 600 600 7 PREGNANCY 2500 250 25 5 300 600 600 7 FEEDING TIME 2500 250 25 nd 300 600 600 7 MINERALS: NUTRITIONAL OBJECTIVE FOR PREVENTION (SDT)   Age Sodium (g) Chlorine (g) INFANTS 6-12 months nd nd CHILDREN-TEENAGERS         1-3 years 0,9 1,3   4-6 years 1,2 1,8   7-10 years 1,5 2,3 Males 11-14 years 2,0 3,0   15-17 years 2,0 3,0 Females 11-14 years 2,0 3,0   15-17 years 2,0 3,0 ADULTS       Males 18-29 years old 2,0 3,0   30-59 years 2,0 3,0   60-74 years 1,6 2,5   ≥75 years 1,6 2,5 Females 18-29 years old 2,0 3,0   30-59 years 2,0 3,0   60-74 years 1,6 2,5   ≥75 years 1,6 2,5 PREGNANCY   2,0 3,0 FEEDING TIME   2,0 3,0

Note

na: not defined.
For the age groups, reference is made to the chronological age; for example for 4-6 years s "means the period between the completion of the fourth and seventh year of life. The 6-12 month interval corresponds to the second semester of life.
In the group of infants the UL is definable only for Ca. For P, K, Fe, Mn and Cr, scientific evidence does not allow the definition of UL.
For Mg, the UL value refers to the Mg taken in pharmacological or supplement form, in addition to what is already present in the diet.
For Fe, do not exceed the dose of 60 mg / day from supplements.

(mg) Zinc (mg) Copper (mg) Selenium (μg) INFANTS 6-12 months nd nd nd nd nd nd nd CHILDREN-TEENAGERS                   1-3 years 500 380 65 4 4 0,2 16   4-6 years 700 410 85 5 5 0,3 20   7-10 years 900 730 130 5 7 0,4 30 Males 11-14 years 1100 1060 200 7 10 0,6 41   15-17 years 1100 1060 170 9 10 0,7 45 Females 11-14 years 1100 1060 200 7/10 8 0,6 40   15-17 years 1000 1060 170 10 8 0,7 45 ADULTS                 Males 18-29 years old 800 580 170 7 10 0,7 45   30-59 years 800 580 170 7 10 0,7 45   60-74 years 1000 580 170 7 10 0,7 45   ≥75 years 1000 580 170 7 10 0,7 45 Females 18-29 years old 800 580 170 10 8 0,7 45   30-59 years 800 580 170 10/6 8 0,7 45   60-74 years 1000 580 170 6 8 0,7 45   ≥75 years 1000 580 170 6 8 0,7 45 PREGNANCY   1000 580 170 22 9 0,9 50 FEEDING TIME   800 580 170 8 10 1,2 60

Note

na: not defined.
For the age groups, reference is made to the chronological age; for example for 4-6 years s "means the period between the completion of the fourth and seventh year of life. The 6-12 month interval corresponds to the second semester of life.
For Na, K, I, Mn, Mo and F, scientific evidence does not allow to define the AR for any of the interest groups; in the group of infants the RA is only definable for Fe and Zn.
For calcium, in postmenopausal women who are not on estrogen therapy, the RA is 1000 mg.
For Fe, in the 11-14 age group the second RA values ​​refer to adolescents who are menstruating; in females 39-59 years old, the second RA values ​​refer to postmenopausal women.

(mg) Magnesium (mg) Sodium (g) Potassium (g) Chlorine (g) Iron (mg) Zinc (mg) INFANTS 6-12 months 260 275 80 0,4 0,7 0,6 11 3 CHILDREN-TEENAGERS                     1-3 years 700  460  80 0,7 1,7 1,0 8  5   4-6 years 900 500  100 0,9 2,4 1,4 11  6   7-10 years 1100 875  150 1,1 3,0 1,7 13  8 Males 11-14 years 1300 1250  240 1,5 3,9 2,3 10  12   15-17 years 1300 1250 240 1,5 3,9 2,3 13  12 Females 11-14 years 1300 1250 240 1,5 3,9 2,3 10/18  9   15-17 years 1200  1250 240 1,5 3,9 2,3 18  9 ADULTS                   Males 18-29 years old 1000 700 240 1,5 3,9 2,3 10  12   30-59 years 1000 700 240 1,5 3,9 2,3 10  12   60-74 years 1200 700 240 1,2 3,9 1,9 10  12   ≥75 years 1200 700 240 1,2 3,9 1,9 10  12 Females 18-29 years old 1000 700 240 1,5 3,9 2,3 18  9   30-59 years 1000 700 240 1,5 3,9 2,3 10/18  9   60-74 years 1200 700 240 1,2 3,9 1,9 10  9   ≥75 years 1200 700 240 1,2 3,9 1,9 10  9 PREGNANCY   1200 700 240 1,5 3,9 2,3 27  11 FEEDING TIME   1000 700 240 1,5 3,9 2,3 11  12 MINERALS: RECOMMENDED RECRUITMENT FOR THE POPULATION (PRI) AND ADEQUATE RECRUITMENT (AI) - PART 2   Age Copper (mg) Selenium (μg) Iodine (μg) Manganese (mg) Molybdenum (μg) Chromium (μg) Fluorine (mg) INFANTS 6-12 months 0,2 20 70 0,4 10 4 0,4 CHILDREN-TEENAGERS                   1-3 years 0,3 19 100 0,6 15 7  0,7   4-6 years 0,4 25  100 0,8 20 10 1.0   7-10 years 0,6 34 100 1,2 30 14 1,6 Males 11-14 years 0,8 49 130 1,9 50 25 2,5   15-17 years 0,9 55 130 2,7 60 33 3,5 Females 11-14 years 0,8 48 130 1,9 50 21 2,5   15-17 years 0,9 55 130 2,3 60 23 3,0 ADULTS                 Males 18-29 years old 0,9 55 150 2,7 65 35 3,5   30-59 years 0,9 55 150 2,7 65 35 3,5   60-74 years 0,9 55 150 2,7 65 30 3,5   ≥75 years 0,9 55 150 2,7 65 30 3,5 Females 18-29 years old 0,9 55 150 2,3 65 25 3,0   30-59 years 0,9 55 150 2,3 65 25 3,0   60-74 years 0,9 55 150 2,3 65 20 3,0   ≥75 years 0,9 55 150 2,3 65 20 3,0 PREGNANCY   1,2 60 200 2,3 65 30 3,0 FEEDING TIME   1,6 70 200 2,3 65 45 3,0

Note:

For the age groups, reference is made to the chronological age; for example for 4-6 years s "means the period between the completion of the fourth and seventh year of life. The 6-12 month interval corresponds to the second semester of life.
For calcium, in postmenopausal women who are not on estrogen therapy, the PRI is 1200 mg.
For Fe, in the 11-14 age group the second PRI values ​​refer to adolescents who are menstruating; in females aged 39-59, the second PRI values ​​refer to postmenopausal women.

.

Maximum tolerable level of intake (UL): values ​​on a daily basis.

VITAMINS: MAXIMUM TOLERABLE INTAKE LEVEL (UL)
  Age Niacin (mg)
Vit. B6 (mg) Folate (μg) Vit. A (μg) Vit. D (μg) Vit. E (mg)     NA AcN           INFANTS 6-12 months nd nd nd nd nd 40 nd CHILDREN-TEENAGERS                   1-3 years 150 2 5 200  800  65 100   4-6 years 220 3 7 300  1100  75 120   7-10 years 350 4 10 400  1500  75  160 Males 11-14 years 500 6 15 600  2000  100  220   15-17 years 700 8 20 800  2600  100  260 Females 11-14 years 500 6 15 600  2000  100  220   15-17 years 700 8 20 800  2600  100  260 ADULTS                 Males 18-29 years old 900 10 25 1000 3000  100 300   30-59 years 900 10 25 1000 3000  100 300   60-74 years 900 10 25 1000 3000  100 300   ≥75 years 900 10 25 1000 3000  100 300 Females 18-29 years old 900 10 25 1000 3000  100 300   30-59 years 900 10 25 1000 3000  100 300   60-74 years 900 10 25 1000 3000  100 300   ≥75 years 900 10 25 1000 3000  100 300 PREGNANCY   nd nd 25 1000 3000  100 300 FEEDING TIME   nd nd 25 1000 3000  100 300

Note:

na: not defined.
For the age groups, reference is made to the chronological age; for example for 4-6 years s "means the period between the completion of the fourth and seventh year of life. The 6-12 month interval corresponds to the second semester of life.
For none of the vitamins, UL for infants are available.
For the vit. C, thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B12 and vitamin K, scientific evidence does not allow to define UL for any of the interest groups.
For niacin, UL is expressed as nicotinamide (NA) or nicotinic acid (AcN) and refers to the forms found in supplements and fortified foods. UL does not apply to individuals on drug treatment under medical supervision.
For folate, the UL value is indicated for synthetic folic acid.
Vit. A is expressed in μg of retinol equivalents (1 RE = 1 μg of retinol = 6 μg of beta-carotene = 12 μg of other provitamin carotenoids).
Vit. D is expressed as cholecalciferol (1 μg colicalceferol = 40 IU vit. D).
Vit. E is expressed in alpha-tocopherol equivalents (1 α-TE = 1 mg RRR-tocopherol = 1.5 IU = 2 mg β-tocopherol = 3 mg γ-tocotrienol = 10 mg γ-tocopherol).

synthesized from tryptophan (60 mg of tryptophan = 1 mg of NE).
For folate, the reference intake levels for women of childbearing age (planning or not ruling out pregnancy) and pregnant do not include supplements indicated for the prevention of neural tube defects.
Vit. A is expressed in μg of retinol equivalents (1 RE = 1 μg of retinol = 6 μg of beta-carotene = 12 μg of other provitamin carotenoids).
Vit. D is expressed as cholecalciferol (1 μg of cholecalciferol = 40 IU vit. D). The RA considers both food intake and endogenous synthesis in the skin.

Riccardo Borgacci

Graduated in Exercise Science and Dietetics, he practices as a freelance outpatient activity as a dietician and personal trainer