XAMAMINA ® - Dimenhydrinate

XAMAMINA ® is a Dimenhydrinate based drug

THERAPEUTIC GROUP: Antiemetic and anti-nausea

Indications XAMAMINA ® - Dimenhydrinate

XAMAMINA ® is indicated in controlling nausea and vomiting in patients with seasickness, air sickness, car sickness and train sickness.

Mechanism of action XAMAMINA ® - Dimenhydrinate

XAMAMINA ® is a drug based on Dimenhydrinate, an active ingredient listed among the first generation antihistamines, given its reversible inhibitory activity against H1 histamine receptors.
Although this represents its main mechanism of action, some of its biological effects are still obscure, the manifestation of which has not been associated with any type of molecular mechanism.
However, in the light of the most recent scientific evidence, the anti-nausea and anti-emetic action of Dimenhydrinate seems to be associated:

• To the sedating action against the central nervous system, thanks to the direct action towards the receptors located in the hypothalamic areas involved in the control of the sleep-wake rhythm;
• To the inhibitory action against the vestibular apparatus, whose hyperstimulation would represent one of the main mechanisms involved in the genesis of nausea and vomiting;
• All "anticholinergic action able to control the activity of both the vestibular and central systems involved in the onset of nausea and vomiting.

Taken orally, Dimedrinato is rapidly absorbed, finding itself in the blood in detectable quantities already after 15 minutes, to reach maximum plasma concentrations after a few hours and be eliminated in the form of inactive catabolites via the kidney after 6-7 hours.

Studies carried out and clinical efficacy

DIMENHYDRINATION IN THE PREVENTION OF POSTOPERATORY VOMITING
Anesth Analg. 2004 Jun; 98: 1660-4, table of contents.

Prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting with oral, long-acting dimenhydrinate in gynecologic outpatient laparoscopy.

Turner KE, Parlow JL, Avery ND, Tod DA, Day AG.

This study demonstrates how the addition of Dimenhydrinate to the classic antiemetic therapy can significantly reduce the episodes of post-operative vomiting in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopy.

DIMENHYDRINATED IN THE THERAPY OF VERTIGO
Int Tinnitus J. 2008; 14: 57-67.

Treatment of vertebrobasilar insufficiency - associated vertigo with a fixed combination of cinnarizine anddimenhydrinate.

Otto V, Fischer B, Schwarz M, Baumann W, Preibisch-Effenberger R.

This work demonstrates how the association of Dimenhydrinate with the classic antivertigo therapy can lead to a better therapeutic resolution, reducing both vertigo and its associated symptoms.

DIMENHYDRINATED AND ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS IN SMALL PATIENTS
Pediatrics. 2012 Jun; 129: 1050-5.

Oral dimenhydrinate versus placebo in children with gastroenteritis: a randomized controlled trial.

Gouin S, Vo TT, Roy M, Lebel D, Gravel J.

Study that demonstrates how Dimenhydrinate is ineffective in reducing the incidence and frequency of vomiting in small patients suffering from acute gastroenteritis, reaffirming its preventive rather than symptomatic role.

Method of use and dosage

XAMAMINA ®
25 mg chewable gum of Dimedrinato;
50 mg capsules for oral use of Dimedrinate;
Dimedrinate 25 mg chewable tablets.
Taking into account the pharmacokinetic properties of Dimedrinate taken orally through chewable gums or chewable tablets or capsules, it would be preferable to take the drug half an hour before the trip, to renew it after 3-4 hours up to a maximum of 4 tablets. capsules-gums in 24 hours.
In children it is necessary to use half doses compared to adults, therefore resorting to the use of tablets or gums of 25 mg.

Warnings XAMAMINA ® - Dimenhydrinate

It would be necessary, before using XAMAMINA ®, to consult your doctor in order to verify the possible presence of contraindications to the use of this drug.
In fact, it should be remembered that Dimedrinate could mask symptoms of ototoxicity, or alter the clinical course of symptoms present in epileptic patients, suffering from bronchial asthma, urinary retention, closed-angle glaucoma or prostatic hypertrophy.
It is also useful to consider:

• The presence of lactose in the chewable tablets, which makes the drug generally contraindicated in patients with lactase enzyme deficiency, glucose-galactose mal-absorption syndrome or galactose intolerance;
• The presence of sorbitol in the capsules, contraindicating the use of the drug in patients with hereditary problems of fructose intolerance.
• The presence of parabens in the soft capsules, potentially responsible for hypersensitivity reactions.

The patient in therapy with antihistamines should avoid the use of the machine and the use of machinery, given the sedative action of these drugs at the central level.

PREGNANCY AND BREASTFEEDING

Despite the studies present in the literature at the moment, do not highlight teratogenic and mutagenic effects induced by Dimenhydrinate, its ability to easily cross the hematoplacental barrier and the mammary filter, exposing itself to the fetus in relevant concentrations, extends the contraindications to the use of XAMAMINA ® also to pregnancy and the subsequent period of breastfeeding.

Interactions

Considering the nervous and anticholinergic effects of Dimenhydrinate, it would be advisable to avoid the simultaneous intake of drugs with sedating activity on the central nervous system as well as other anticholinergics.
It should also be remembered that Dimenhydrinate could mask the ototoxic action of other drugs, thus making the damage irreversible.

Contraindications XAMAMINA ® - Dimenhydrinate

The use of XAMAMINA ® is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to the active substance or to one of its excipients or to other structurally related molecules, in children under the age of 2 years and during lactation and pregnancy.

Undesirable Effects - Side Effects

Although therapy with XAMAMINA ® is generally safe, various clinical trials associate the use of Dimenhydrinate with the onset of sedation, somnolence, loss of appetite, headache, dry mouth, nausea and photosensitivity.
On the other hand, episodes of tachycardia, hypotension, insomnia and dizziness are rarer.

Note

XAMAMINA ® is a drug not subject to mandatory medical prescription.

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