Curated by Antonello Monno, Nicola Fiorentino and Nicola Ferrante
Study on 50 individual cases
50 people were tested, divided equally into 25 women and 25 men, aged between 17 and 71 years; the study aims to correlate the non-instrumental postural evaluation with the evaluation of emotional stability by means of a psychological test (modified Big Five Questionairre), to see if there are any constants between them.
THE POSTURAL EVALUATION
Postural evaluation included the following tests, the protocol used below:
VERTICAL OF BARS ", SIDE LEAD WIRE
VERTICAL OF BARS ", LEAD WIRE REAR VIEW
- HEIGHT OF STYLOID PROCESSES
- ROTATION OF ILIACS
- SIAS
- SIPS
- PELVIC BELT
- HEAD ROTATION
- WRIST EXTENSORS
- FRONT BENDING
TEST IF DISHARMONIC
- EVALUATION OF THE VERTICAL OF BARS "
- POSTURAL CONE
- FUKUDA TEST
- CYON TEST
- BASSANI TEST
Tools used:
- Lead wire
- Data detection sheet
- Pen
- Centimeter
After having collected all the data, the modified Big Five Questionnaire was administered for the evaluation of emotional stability and the related two subscales: Pulse control And Control of Emotions; the psychodiagnostic test was self-administered, comprising 24 questions, with both negative and positive items, to be assigned a value from 1 to 5; below is the protocol used:
BIG FIVE QUESTIONNAIRE
(modified for emotional stability / neuroticism)
SURVEY
Instructions
The statements in the questionnaire were designed to allow each person to situate themselves with respect to certain personality traits. There are no "right" or "wrong" answers. It is therefore impossible to get a "good" or "bad" score. It is only possible to get a score that describes his personality more or less accurately.
We assure you to treat the answers you provide in the strictest confidence.
To this end, we would be grateful if you would like to follow the instructions below for each statement in the questionnaire:
a) Read the statement and write in the appropriate answer sheet the number corresponding to the answer you have chosen according to the following scale:
5. ABSOLUTELY TRUE FOR ME
4. TRUE ENOUGH FOR ME
3. NEITHER TRUE NEITHER FALSE FOR ME
2. RATHER FALSE FOR ME
1. ABSOLUTELY FALSE FOR MEb) Be sure to report, for each statement, the numerical value (between 1 and 5) corresponding to the degree to which you believe that the statement is appropriate or comes close to describing your personality.
Affirmations
- I tend to get overly involved when someone tells me about their troubles.
- I don't often feel tense.
- I am quite touchy.
- It is not easy for something or someone to make me lose my temper.
- I don't think I'm an anxious person.
- I feel vulnerable to criticism from others.
- I generally don't get irritated even in situations where I have valid reasons for doing so.
- When I am irritated I show my bad mood.
- I don't often feel lonely and sad.
- I don't usually react impulsively.
- My mood is subject to frequent fluctuations.
- Sometimes I get angry about small things.
- I often get agitated.
- I don't usually lose my temper
- I have no trouble controlling my feelings.
- In several circumstances I have happened to behave impulsively.
- Usually it doesn't happen to me to overreact even to strong emotions.
- I don't usually react to provocations.
- I often feel nervous.
- It bothers me a lot to be disturbed while I am doing something that interests me.
- When I'm criticized, I can't help but ask for justifications.
- Even in extremely difficult situations, I don't lose control.
- Sometimes even small difficulties have the power to make me worry.
- I don't usually change mood suddenly.
The spreadsheet used by the subject:
Tools used:
- Big Five Questionnaire data collection sheet
- Pen
- Big Five Modified
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Then the data needed to carry out the study were collected, which were the following:
The summary table includes: sex, age, posterior Barrè vertical, lateral, rotation on the pelvis, three total scores of the Big Five Questionnaire, after counting the 24 items, according to the official calculation: C.E. Total (Control of emotions), C.I. Total (Pulse Control), S.E. Total (Emotional Stability).
The average values at the bottom of the graph represent the statistical average of the sample, that is, the average age of 30.2 years; Total C.E 37.94; THERE. total 36.48; SELF. total 74.42.
The calculations of the score of the values of the items in the questionnaire were made by a Clinical Psychologist, with whom we collaborated for the choice of the questions and precisely the correction of the test.
Subsequently, the subjects were divided by categories, with respect to the Barrè vertical in posterior view, crossing the data with the Emotional Stability:
The graph shows that the subjects with Mixed dysfunctions (value 86) are substantially more emotionally stable than the sample average (value 74), interesting values also for the disharmonics. It should be noted that the neutral subjects in the Barrè vertical are less stable (value 68). According to Lowen's theory of Bioenergetics these values could be given by the fact that the more a person accumulates muscular tensions, you see blocks in the throat, in the diaphragm, etc. and the greater will be his emotional stability, given precisely by the difficulty of externalizing emotions, creating those which Lowen called "character armor".
The fundamental thesis on which Reichian therapy is based is that of the functional identity between muscular armor and behavioral armor, that is, between the physical attitude of a person and the structure of his ego.
With respect to emotion control:
The graph highlights a greater emotional control of subjects with Mixed or Disharmonious pathologies, which unlike the other graph, are almost equivalent, here too we confirm Lowen's theory on muscular tensions.
A basic concept in Reich relates the inhibition of emotional responsiveness to the contraction of breathing. As early as 1955 Reich observed that resistance to the analytic process manifests itself physically in the form of an unconscious block of breathing. When the patient was encouraged to breathe deeply, the his resistances dissolved, transforming themselves into a flow of repressed materials with the relative sequence of effects and sensations. This observation led Reich to the conclusion that the emotional response capacity depends on the respiratory function. By limiting one's oxygen intake, a person dampens the metabolic processes of the his body and in practice depresses his own energy level. By stemming metabolic combustion it cools the passions of the body. Children seem to know that holding their breath eliminates painful sensations and suppresses the impulses of fear.
Aside from the effects on metabolism, limiting breathing also reduces the body's natural mobility. The breathing movement fluctuates like a wave through the body, moving upward with the inhalation and downward with the exhalation. These movements, which constitute the matrix of emotional expression, are blocked by chronic muscular tensions, mainly in the throat, chest, abdomen and diaphragm. Tensions in the throat are the result of the inhibition of vocal expression. an "unconscious repression of the impulses to cry, scream and" raise one's voice ". Chronic tension of the chest wall is closely associated with shoulder girdle muscle spasticity (which restrains the ability to reach out with the arms). Chest stiffness suppresses the feeling of a strong desire for love that may find expression in reaching out or crying. These feelings are suppressed because repeated disappointments during childhood have made them too painful.
Compared to impulse control:
The graph, unlike the control of emotions, shows how the disharmonics have similar values to the ascenders and descendants, while the mixed subjects also prove to be those with greater control, confirming the theory of Reich and Lowen.
Muscle tension or spasticity in any part of the body affects breathing because breathing is a "total body activity. A stiff jaw and buttock tension both reduce breathing-related movements and limit the extent of inhalation."
In a broad sense it can be said that, if such tensions are predominant in the superficial muscles of the body, the result is a global rigidity both on a physical and psychological level. When major muscle tensions involve the small and deep muscles surrounding the joints, flaccidity and fragmentation ensue. This produces a lack of integrity both physically and psychologically. The bioenergetic therapy aims to dissolve the chronic muscular tensions of the body and thus to re-establish the natural mobility and expressiveness of the organism.
We detected the percentage of rotations on the pelvis:
The graph shows the percentages of rotations on the pelvis, 64% of Dx rotations is probably given by the majority of right-handed population cases, therefore with the right side of the body in hypertonus.
And ultimately we crossed the deviations on the basin, with the three values of the Big Five Q.
In the graph we notice a difference between the right rotations and the symmetries of the pelvis with respect to the left rotations, which in all three values are lower, according to Reichian theories the left part of the body represents creativity and emotions, while the rationality a right, in fact, those who rotate to the left are less emotionally stable, they control impulses and emotions less.
CONCLUSIONS
The study carried out wanted to demonstrate the correlation between the mind (psyche) and the body (soma), how one can influence the other, how muscular tensions are expressions of repressed emotional tensions, which if left untreated can lead to tension. an "entire fascial chain. It has been highlighted how the greater muscular tensions stabilize the emotions of the subjects.
The limits of the study are given by the very young average age of the sample (30.2 years), by the fact that having tested 50 sports subjects, who regularly practice physical activity, we did not find serious postural dysfunctions, the disharmonics collected were all borderline, given that thanks to physical activity they compensated for their deficit; we also found an overtone over a whole "hemilate. Even the limited sample of subjects was a limitation of the study: even if some interesting values were found, a larger statistical sample, perhaps of a higher average age, and with even sedentary subjects, would have shown different parameters, which paves the way for a more in-depth study.
The posture of an individual is the result of multiple aspects that can be grouped into three major factors: structural, biochemical, psychic. The structural factor is determined by the way in which the body reacts to mechanical stimuli received from the external environment in making all sorts of movements and in maintaining any position, such as sitting, standing, running, walking. The biochemical factor is determined by the how the body adapts to the metabolic changes induced by its surroundings in activities such as eating, drinking, breathing, smoking, taking drugs, supplements, and so on. The psychological factor is determined by the way in which the body adjusts to the emotional changes experienced in everyday life, feelings, time management, ways in which personal and other people's behaviors are interpreted, management of the space that separates oneself from others and from things . According to the way in which these three factors are integrated, man's posture is in constant and progressive modification. Therefore, in the context of this work, posture is understood as a somatic and behavioral expression of the interactions of mental processes. Just as it would not make sense to divide the body from the mind, in the same way the mind-body-behavior relationship represents an inseparable triad, since every psychic process always determines physical reactions (such as muscle contractions in different parts of the body, modifications of the respiratory rhythm, heart rhythm, temperature, pressure, hormonal secretion, etc.) and behavioral (gestural expressions, mimic expressions, linguistic and paralinguistic expressions, modification of the orientation that one's body has with respect to the surrounding environment, modifications of the distances that the own body has respect to the objects and people around it, etc.) In the "context of this discipline we study both the relationships between psyche and body, and the relationships between behavioral modalities, psychic attitude and consequent adaptation of the organism, as in the posturology behavior is conceived as an "extension of the entire comp." psychophysical boiled.
"The body and the mind are just different dimensions of the same organism, parts of a unitary expression of the self."
Helen Flanders Dunbar
B I B L I O G R A F I A and S I T O G R A F I A
- Bandura, A.. Self-efficacy. Theory and applications. Trento: Erickson;
- Bazzani B. Liboà S., Personal Postural Training , Fitness Best Innovation, F.B.I .;
- Bazzani B. Postural Training , Fitness Best Innovation, F.B.I .;
- Bricot B. ,, Global postural reprogramming. Statipro, Marseille;
- Busquet L ,: The muscle chains, Publisher Marrapese, Rome;
- Caiazzo P.,. TOP Osteopathic-Postural Therapy. Rome, Marrapese Editore;
- Caprara, G.V., Barbaranelli, C., Borgogni, L.. BFQ Big Five Questionnaire. Florence: O.S .;
- Castano P., Donato R.F., Anatomy of man, edited by Editore Ermes, edition 2;
- Craia V., Mattei E.,. The body and shame. Rome, Magi Edizioni;
- Lastrico M.,. Musculoskeletal biomechanics. Rome, Marrapese Editore;
- Lazzari E. The mechanisms of postural regulation, functional correlations, Congress Proceedings of the First International Days on Posture / Occlusion / Spine, Venice 28/30 June 1991, AISP, 1992. Ed C.P.A;
- Liboà S., Postural training Mézières, Fitness Best Innovation, F.B.I .;
- Lowen A., The language of the body, Publisher Feltrinelli, Milan;
- McArdle W.D., Katch F. I., Katch V.L. ,, Physiology applied to sport, Ambrosiana Publishing, Milan;
- Moro F.,. Non linear podiatry introduction. Rome, Marrapese Editore;
- Oatley, K.. Brief history of emotions. Bologna: The Mill;
- Odoul. M.,. Tell me where it hurts and I'll tell you why. Vicenza, Edizioni meeting point;
- Picucci, L., Bosco A.. Psychological testing manual. Bari: Digilabs;
- R.Saggini-L. Vecchiet, Necklace by Body Dynamics and Wellness;
- Rainville C.,. Each symptom is a message. Turin, Amrita Editions;
- Ridi R. and Saggini R., Body Balance, MARTINA Bologna Editions;
- Souchard Ph. E., Active global stretching, Publisher Marrapese, Rome;
Websites consulted: www.aifimm.it - www.anatomytrains.it - www.kirone.it - www.medical-system.it
www.nienteansia.it - www.psycosport.com - www.wikipedia.org
