Swelling index to evaluate the quality of a mucilage drug

Regarding the phytochemical characterization of drugs, total ashes are of no help to us; we therefore resort to other types of evaluation, which can be given by assays such as the swelling index. Aimed at evaluating the quality of mucilage drugs (Psyllium, Mallow leaves, Altea root, Agar), it is a value determined by the quantity of water that that drug sample is able to adsorb in a given time.

A sample of Psyllium seeds is placed in contact with a certain quantity of water in a graduated container; it is then left to soak for a certain period of time, after which it is evaluated how much that drug has increased its volume. The increase in volume will be directly proportional to the amount of water that the drug was able to adsorb.

Mucilages are heteropolysaccharide substances with adsorbing properties; the swelling index - which represents the ability that that particular drug expresses in absorbing a certain amount of water - is therefore directly proportional to the quantity of mucilage present in the drug itself. , I move on to evaluate the quality of the drug through chemical-physical assays, which later give me information on the quality of the functional substances present in it. The numerical value obtained from the swelling index is directly proportional to the quantity of mucilage present in the drug, and therefore, in fact, provides information on the quality of that drug.

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