Biogenesis and characteristics of the active ingredients

The biogenesis of the active principles, even if particularly complex, can be identified within the plant metabolism, given by the "set of reactions that take place inside a cell and that determine its expression as a living structure and how to be in relationship with the cell. "external.

The reactions related to the expression of the plant cell, as a living structure, underlie the so-called primary metabolism, from which the primary metabolites originate: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids.

The metabolism underlying the reactions related to life of interrelation with the outside takes the name of secondary metabolism, from which secondary metabolites are obtained: a category of biologically active molecules with a low molecular weight.

Metabolism includes a vast series of molecule construction reactions, necessary for the life of the organism, and the demolition of others, to produce energy or secondary metabolites; in a general sense, metabolism contains a set of molecules that undergo constructive and destructive processes. (anabolism and catabolism).
Primary metabolism includes the following processes; glycolysis, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation; it represents the main energy engine, since through this catabolic chain of demolition of a glucose molecule, the plant cell draws energy. At the same time, the cell obtains the biological bricks to build (anabolic process) the secondary metabolites.

The plant cell can also carry out photosynthesis and it is precisely from the dark phase (primary anabolic metabolism) that it obtains reaction intermediates useful for building secondary metabolites (secondary anabolic metabolism).

THE primary and secondary metabolic processes are closely related to each other, since the plant cell draws from the primary metabolism the constructive elements for the production of secondary metabolites. However, it uses the primary metabolism to ensure the secondary, if and only if the primary has enough fuel to fully perform all its normal functions, without these undergoing interruptions or alterations. We remember, in fact, that all those rations necessary for the cell to determine itself as a living structure are borne by the primary metabolic pathway.

In case of energy surplus. the cell first produces reserve molecules, such as lipids, and then molecules useful for relational life.

The secondary metabolic pathways derive only and exclusively from the primary metabolism, and never vice versa.

Carbohydrates derive from photosynthesis: monosaccharides such as glucose, disaccharides such as sucrose, oligosaccharides such as maltodextrins and cyclodextrins (the latter produced by biotechnology), and polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose. Two possible processes originate from carbohydrates: the formation of glycosides or glycolysis. These processes represent the first metabolic engine of the cell; in particular, the formation of glycosides is a first secondary metabolic process, while glycolysis is a first primary metabolic process.

Other articles on "Primary metabolism and secondary metabolism of a plant"

1. Carbohydrate drugs: Agar
2. Pharmacognosy
3. Biogenesis and characteristics of the active ingredients

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