Golgi apparatus and centrioles

THE GOLGI APPARATUS

It is a complex of smooth membranes gathered to form flattened sacks (cisterns or saccules) leaning against each other and often arranged concentrically, enclosing portions of cytoplasm rich in vacuoles.
The edges of the cisterns, especially in vegetables, are jagged; often, parts of them break off to form vesicles, which are small cavities enclosed in a membrane. Proteins synthesized to be secreted, formed on ribosomes at the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum, are channeled into the Golgi bodies where they are accumulated and enclosed in vesicles. These vesicles are then transported to the outer cell lining, then released outside the cell.
Today we tend to believe that Golgi membranes are dynamically connected to both the smooth and rough lattice, and also to the "nuclear envelope. However, they constitute a distinct" morphological entity: in fact, they provide for the synthesis of polysaccharides and saccharide portions of proteins. conjugate.

THE CENTRIOLI

The centrioles appear as cylindrical bodies of 0.2 micrometers in diameter which enclose, within them, nine tubules each made up of groups of three subunits. The centrioles are usually in pairs in the cytoplasm, close to the nuclear membrane; one is called father, the other son (because it is believed to come from the first). The pairs of centrioles are arranged at right angles to each other in the cytoplasm, and are found only in those groups of organisms which also have cilia, or flagella. The centrioles, which are structurally identical to the basal bodies, are important in the organization of the spindle, which appears during cell division and is involved in the movements of chromosomes.
The centriole is often surrounded by a layer of differentiated cytoplasm and this set is called the centrosome. The centrosome is responsible for giving structural order to the cell at the moment of division. In plant cells, however, the centrosome has no centrioles.