Amanita Phalloides for short

Summary on Amanita Phalloides

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Amanita phalloides

• The progenitor of highly deadly poisonous mushrooms
• Ingestion → severe poisoning syndromes, with a fatal outcome in the vast majority of cases
• Polymorphism → strong ability to "blend in" and to take on countless morphological features

Amanita phalloides: terminology Different names: angel of death, bastard ovolo, Agaricus phalloides, greenish Tignosa and Tignusa morteada
Etymology → phalloides: phallòs (do it) ed eîdos (shape) → phallic conformation of the stem Amanita phalloides: botanical description Hat

• Shape: bell-shaped or conical, sometimes hemispherical
• Variable color from gray to yellowish, and from brownish to white
• Variable hat diameter from 4 to 15 cm

Stem:

• Phallic shape, which tends to widen as you push downwards
• Characteristics: full when young, hollow in the old mushroom, but always bulbous at the base

Lamellae of the mushroom

• very dense and uneven

Ring

• White color
• Conformation: wraps the stem like a handkerchief

Amanita phalloides: sensory characteristics Texture of the flesh: fibrous, white, firm
Odor: Nil when raw, unpleasant and fetid when soggy Amanita phalloides: toxic chemical components

• Amantines (alpha and beta): cyclic peptides responsible for the selective blocking of the enzyme Rna-polymerase → (LD50) of amantines: 0.1 mg / kg
• Phalloidins: mycotoxins with a peptide cycle structure → responsible for liver and gastrointestinal damage

Amanita phalloides: heat treatment Heat treatment does not kill toxins → thermostable substances Amanita phalloides: poisoning phalloid syndrome 1 mg / kg of mushroom per body weight is sufficient to generate irreversible liver damage
Poisoning:

1. Latency phase: the poisonous molecule remains latent in the organism (6-12-40 hours)
2. Gastrointestinal phase: uncontrollable vomiting, excessive sweating, diarrhea and severe abdominal pain, dehydration associated with hypovolemia, acute renal failure, and sometimes death
3. Hepatic phase: exaggerated increase in transaminase and bilirubin, internal bleeding
4. Severe hepatic insufficiency: very low values ​​of prothrombin activity, hepatic necrosis, hepatic coma, associated with respiratory insufficiency, coagulopathy, convulsions and respiratory insufficiency
5. Death

Amanita phalloides: remedies THE DIAGNOSIS MUST BE TIMELY
liver transplant and / or dialysis
Possible remedies:

• gastric lavage
• administration of coal
• forced diuresis
• hemodialysis
• plasmapheresis
• possible antidotes: thioctic acid, silymarin and acubin

Amanita phalloides: how to recognize it Crush a piece of mushroom on a sheet of newsprint
Mark the halo with the pencil
Pour in drops of muriatic acid
Formation of a blue spot → confirmation of the presence of Amanita phalloides anatoxin