Reference Bodyrecomposition

Back to Reading: Hypertrophic Training Routine availability regulates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, p70 S6 kinase and glycogen synthase kinase-3 activity in L6 muscle cells: evidence for the involvement of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in the L-leucine-induced up-regulation of System A amino acid transport Karine PEYROLLIER, Eric HAJDUCH, Anne S. BLAIR, Russell HYDE and Harinder S. HUNDAL1

Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Medical Sciences Institute / Wellcome Trust Biocentre Complex, Dow Street, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K. Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway Regulates Insulin Signaling via Subcellular Redistribution of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 and Integrates Nutritional Signals and Metabolic Signals of Insulin

ATSUKO TAKANO, ISAO USUI, TETSURO HARUTA *, JUNKO KAWAHARA, TATSUHITO UNO, MINORU IWATA, AND MASASHI KOBAYASHI

First Department of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama 930-0194, Japan

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate Restriction with High

Protein Intake on Protein Metabolism and the Somatotropic Axis Matthew P. Harber, Simon Schenk, Ariel L. Barkan, and Jeffrey F. Horowitz Divisions of Kinesiology (MPH, SS, JFH) and Endocrinology and Metabolism (ALB), University of Michigan and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109

Effect of insulin on human skeletal muscle protein synthesis is modulated by insulin-induced changes in muscle blood flow and amino acid availability. Fujita S, Rasmussen BB, Cadenas JG, Grady JJ, Volpi E. Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA

Short-term insulin and nutritional energy provision do not stimulate muscle protein synthesis if blood amino acid availability decreases. Bell JA, Fujita S, Volpi E, Cadenas JG, Rasmussen BB Sealy Center on Aging & Stark Diabetes Center, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-1144, USA

Regulation of mTOR by amino acids and resistance exercise in skeletal muscle.Deldicque L, Theisen D, Francaux M. Institut d "Education Physique et de Readaptation, Universite catholique de Louvain, Belgium

Mechanism of insulin "s anabolic effect on muscle: measurements of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown using aminoacyl-tRNA and other surrogate measures.Chow LS, Albright RC, Bigelow ML, Toffolo G, Cobelli C, Nair KS. Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Insulin Action on Muscle Protein Kinetics and Amino Acid Transport During Recovery After

Resistance Exercise Gianni Biolo, Bradley D. Williams, R.Y. Declan Fleming, and Robert R. Wo l f e Suga A, Hirano T, Kageyama H, Osaka T, Namba Y, Tsuji M, Miura M, Adachi M, Inoue S

Effects of fructose and glucose on plasma leptin, insulin, and insulin resistance in lean and VMH-lesioned obese rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2000 Apr; 278: E677-83 Romon M, Lebel P, Velly C, Marecaux N, Fruchart JC, Dallongeville J. Leptin response to carbohydrate or fat meal and association with subsequent satiety and energy intake. Am J Physiol 1999 Nov; 277 (5 Pt 1): E855-61

Hawkins M, Barzilai N, Liu R, Hu M, Chen W, Rossetti L. Role of the glucosamine pathway in fat-induced insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 1997 May 1; 99: 2173-82 Wang J, Liu R, Hawkins M, Barzilai N, Rossetti L. A nutrient-sensing pathway regulates leptin gene expression in muscle and fat. Nature 1998 Jun 18; 393: 684-8 Dear JF, Kolaczynski JW, Nyce MR, Ohannesian JP, Opentanova I, Goldman WH, Lynn RB, Zhang PL, Sinha MK, Considine RV. Decreased cerebrospinal-fluid / serum leptin ratio in obesity: a possible mechanism for leptin resistance. Lancet 1996 Jul 20; 348: 159-61

Banks WA, Clever CM, Farrell CL. Partial saturation and regional variation in the blood-to-brain transport of leptin in normal weight mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2000 Jun; 278: E1158-65

Banks WA, DiPalma CR, Farrell CL. Impaired transport of leptin across the blood-brain barrier in obesity. Peptides 1999 Nov; 20: 1341-5

Kastin AJ, Akerstrom V. Fasting, but not adrenalectomy, reduces transport of leptin into the brain. Peptides 2000 May; 21: 679-82

Banks WA, DiPalma CR, Farrell CL. Impaired transport of leptin across the blood-brain barrier in obesity. Peptides 1999 Nov; 20: 1341-5

J Endocrinol 2002 Jul; 174: 121 The role of leptin in the regulation of TSH secretion in the fed state: in vivo and in vitro studies

Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Oliveira KJ, Soares BA, Pazos-Moura CC

Int J Mol Med 2002 Jan; 9: 31

Rat thyroid gland expresses the long form of leptin receptors, and leptin stimulates the function of the gland in euthyroid non-fasted animals

Nowak KW, Kaczmarek P, Mackowiak P, Ziolkowska A, Albertin G, Ginda WJ, Trejter M, Nussdorfer GG, Malendowicz LK

Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002 May; 87: 2391

Low dose leptin administration reverses effects of sustained weight-reduction on energy expenditure and circulating concentrations of thyroid hormone

Rosenbaum M, Murphy EM, Heymsfield SB, Matthews DE, Leibel RL.

J Endocrinol 2003 Jan; 176: 7-12

TSH stimulates leptin secretion by a direct effect on adipocytes Menendez C, Baldelli R, Camina JP, Escudero B, Peino R, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001 Jul; 86: 3284

Transcriptional regulation of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene by leptin and melanocortin signaling.

Harris M, Aschkenasi C, Elias CF, Chandrankunnel A, Nillni EA, Bjoorbaek C, Elmquist JK, Flier JS, Hollenberg AN

Endocrinology. 1998 May; 139: 2600-4. Expression of estrogen receptor-beta messenger ribonucleic acid in oxytocin and vasopressin neurons of the rat supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. Hrabovszky E, Kallo I, Hajszan T, Shughrue PJ, Merchenthaler I, Liposits Z

J Neurobiol. 1998 Sep 5; 36: 357-78. Expression and neuropeptidergic characterization of estrogen receptors (ERalpha and ERbeta) throughout the rat brain: anatomical evidence of distinct roles of each subtype. Laflamme N, Nappi RE, Drolet G, Labrie C, Rivest S

Acta Neurobiol Exp (Warsz). 1996; 56: 787-96. Neuroendocrine mechanism mediating fasting-induced suppression of luteinizing hormone secretion in female rats. Maeda K, Tsukamura H

Endocrinology. 2003 Feb; 144: 594-8. Importance of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus as a component of a neural pathway between the brain and the testes that modulates testosterone secretion independently of the pituitary. Selvage DJ, Rivier C

Inverse Correlation between Serum Testosterone and Leptin in Men1 Virve Luukkaa, Ullamari Pesonen, Ilpo Huhtaniemi, Aapo Lehtonen, Reijo Tilvis, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Markku Koulu and Risto Huupponen

Is dietary carbohydrate essential for human nutrition? Eric C Westman

High-intensity exercise and muscle glycogen availability in humans. Balsom PD, Gaitanos GC, Soderlund K, Ekblom B

Muscle metabolism during prolonged exercise in humans: influence of carbohydrate availability. McConell G, Snow RJ, Project J, Hargreaves M

Skeletal muscle energy metabolism during prolonged, fatiguing exercise. Mark A. February and Jane Dancey

The ketogenic diet, Lyle Mcdonald (P 120)

Muscle glycogenolysis during differing intensities of weight-resistance exercise. R. A. Robergs, D. R. Pearson, D. L. Costill, W. J. Fink, D. D. Pascoe, M.A. Benedict, C. P. Lambert and J. J. Zachweija Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306

Post-exercise ketosis in post.prandil exercise: effect of glucose and alanine ingestion in humans. J.H. Koeslag, L.I. Levinrad, J.Dev. Lochner

Nutrition and exercise determinants of postexercise glycogen synthesis. Robergs RA.

Home Page and Bodyrecomposition Menu - Body Recomposition 1. Bodyrecomposition - Body recomposition 6. Energy Balance in Training 2. Thermodynamics and Training 7. Letina and Training 3. Importance of Proteins in Training 8. Training and Insulin Sensitivity 4. Glucidic Requirements in Training 9. Hypertrophic Training Routine 5. Antobolic Diet and Adipose Tissue Set Point 10. Reference