In fact, to an "innate physiological predisposition - given by a" urethra close to the vaginal meatus, close to the anus and shorter than the male one - various predisposing factors are added during pregnancy.
of the bladder wall, is favored by the hormonal changes of pregnancy, since the rise in progesterone induces relaxation of the smooth muscles, also decreasing the tone of the ureter and urethra with consequent slowing of the urinary flow (less washing action of the urine).In pregnancy, a further predisposing factor is represented by the mechanical compression exerted by the growing uterus on the ureter; especially in the last months of gestation, this phenomenon hinders the complete emptying of the bladder. Add to this the richness in the urine of nutrient substrates for germs, sometimes including glucose if gestational diabetes is present.
All these factors, in addition to the anatomical elements mentioned in the introductory part, facilitate the engraftment of vaginal or intestinal germs (Escherichia coli) that go up in the urethra; this colonization can be favored by sexual intercourse, especially if unprotected, and by poor intimate hygiene.
and burning when urinating, the need to urinate often with a sensation of incomplete emptying of the bladder, and sometimes blood loss in the urine. Asymptomatic bacteriuria can also occur in pregnant women, i.e. a symptom-free urinary infection. (kidney infections), in turn associated with a modest increase in premature births and a reduction in the weight and general development of the unborn child. Although the risk is low, it is essential to properly treat any cystitis that may develop during gestation., free from significant side effects both for the mother and, above all, for the fetus.
To remove the risk of complications, also considering the frequent relapses, after treatment it is advisable to perform a urine culture at least once a month until the end of pregnancy. The same examination is generally performed for screening purposes around the 16th week of gestation If the urine culture is negative, the test does not need to be repeated unless there is a history of previous urinary tract infections or symptoms typical of cystitis subsequently develop.
For further information: Drugs for the Treatment of Cystitis in Pregnancy
Cystitis in Pregnancy: Some Useful Tips
At the first symptoms that can lead to cystitis during pregnancy, contact your doctor to perform a urinalysis and a urine culture.
Do not spontaneously initiate any therapy (not even that used to resolve non-pregnancy cystitis). While waiting for the results, the doctor will recommend a non-specific antibiotic which will then be confirmed or replaced based on the result of the antibiogram. Your doctor may also prescribe acetaminophen for pain, discomfort or fever.
The symptoms of cystitis normally disappear within a few days from the start of therapy; however, it is very important to complete the recommended therapeutic course even when the inflammation seems to have passed. If symptoms persist or worsen, consult your gynecologist immediately.
Cystitis in Pregnancy: How to Prevent It?
Regarding the prevention of cystitis in pregnancy, it is recommended to:
- Drink at least one and a half liters of water a day to promote diuresis;
- Use underwear in natural fibers, avoiding synthetic ones;
- Get regular urination, without holding your urine for a long time;
- Empty your bladder after each sexual intercourse;
- Avoid harsh intimate cleansers;
- Regularize the alvo (Note: fecal stasis can favor the passage of intestinal bacteria in the renal excretory tracts with the appearance of cystitis).
