Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris, fam. Chenopodiaceae) is a biennial herbaceous plant, with large leaves and a large fleshy root from which sucrose is extracted.
It produces sugar already in the first year of growth; it is sown in spring and harvested in autumn / early winter. If not harvested, during the second year the nutrients present in the root are used by the plant to produce seeds and flowers.
As with sugar cane, there are many cultivars.
The sugar content in ripe beet is approximately equal to 17% of its weight, but also in this case this value is very variable. The percentage of sucrose is therefore higher than in sugar cane, but the yields per hectare are in any case lower; the production of sucrose from beet is in fact around seven tons per hectare, compared to ten for sugar cane.
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