Definition
The sixth disease (or three-day exanthemic fever or rosolea infantum) is an infectious-viral disease with a benign course, typical of infants aged between 6 months and two years.
Causes
The cause of the sixth disease is the human herpes virus type 6B, mainly transmitted by air by direct contact with the mucus or saliva of the infected subject. The risk factors include: AIDS, immunosuppression and organ transplantation. .
Symptoms
The pre-exanthemic phase can cause: mood alteration, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, high fever, catarrhal phenomena, swollen pharynx and irritability.
In severe cases, the sixth disease can also trigger lymphadenopathy. The exanthemic phase is characterized by the formation of red papules spread throughout the body; possible degeneration of the disease into seizures.
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Medicines
The sixth disease is a viral pathology: for this reason, the pharmacological treatment has the objective of alleviating the patient's symptomatological picture (support therapy).
- In case of fever it is advisable to administer paracetamol or acetaminophen (eg tachipirina): take a variable dose from 325 to 650 mg per day every 4-6 hours, or 1 gram every 6-8 hours orally. Paracetamol can also be administered intravenously: 1 gram every 6 hours or 650 mg every 4 hours for adults and adolescents weighing more than 50 kilos: if the patient weighs less than 50 kilos, administer 15 mg / kg every 6 or 12 hours , 5 mg / kg every 4 hours.
- In case of bacterial superinfections, it is possible to cure the sixth disease with the help of antibiotics directed against the pathogen. The most suitable antibiotic must be prescribed by the doctor after an accurate diagnosis.
- When the sixth disease is accompanied by inflammation and pain, it is recommended to administer syrups or tablets with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity such as, for example, Ibuprofen (eg. Brufen, 400 mg tablets; subitene, 200 mg sachets; moment , 200 mg tablets) Given the multiplicity of symptoms (or the absence) associated with the sixth disease, the doctor will determine the most suitable dosage for the patient; however, in general, it is recommended to take a variable dose from 200 to 400 mg orally, every 4-6 hours, as needed.
- In case of severity, the sixth disease can degenerate into epileptic attacks: in this case, the doctor may prescribe the intake of anticonvulsant-antiepileptic drugs, such as, for example, diazepam (eg. Diazepam, Valium, solution for injection or tablets) . Also in this case, the most correct dosage must be prescribed by the doctor: in general, however, oral administration of 2-10 mg of diazepam 4 times a day is recommended to reduce convulsions. Sometimes, the active ingredient can be injected to intramuscularly / intravenously (first in a single dose of 5-10 mg, then 5-10 mg in 3-4 hours, when necessary): in this way it is possible to reduce any muscle spasms caused by the sixth disease.
When the sixth disease occurs with fever, cryotherapy, ice therapy, can be used.
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