Scroll down the page to read the sugar beet summary table
The leaves have always been used as fodder
- First references to sugar beet: 420 BC
- Discovery of sugar crystals from beet juice: 1747, Dr. Margaff
- 19th century: sugar cane continued to excel
- Napoleonic wars: blockade of sugar cane imports → boom of sugar beet for the extraction of sucrose
- 1887: Italy → E. Mariani encourages both the cultivation of sugar beet and the extraction of its sugar
- Botanical name: Beta vulgaris var. turnip form very high or saccharifera
- Family: Chenopodiaceae
- Vital stages: first vegetative year, second reproductive year
- Brief description of the plant: biennial herbaceous plant with a bushy habit
- Stem: angular, erect and very branched
- Root: large, fleshy, typically taproot, up to two meters long. It is characterized by typical transversal roughness and by two longitudinal sugar grooves
- Leaves: large and greenish, gathered in elongated spikes arranged in whorls, heart-shaped at the base, rounded or tapered
- Flowers: green or red consisting of a corolla with 5 sepals, they are gathered in tetraflorous spikes
- Fruits (glomeruli): rounded and angular shape, they are rather wrinkled and very hard
- Seeds: greenish, sometimes brown, yellow or black, with a typically lenticular shape
- Type of seeds
- Chromosomal heritage
- Sowing time
- Quantity of sugar extracted from the root (weight / sugar content ratio)
Water supply: the plant requires constant water supply → irrigation by sprinkling is recommended
Ideal germination temperature: 5-6 ° C / 10-12 ° C
Climate: temperate, ideal that of Europe and the former Soviet Union
Sowing: February-March
Harvest: generally towards the end of August-beginning of September
- Collection
- Immediate transport to sugar factories to avoid fermentation
- Transport on carrier belts
- Washing with water jets
- Elimination of weeds and stones
- Chopping (beets are sliced)
- Diffusion → counter-current sugar extraction
- Purification of the extracted sugar juice + drying of the exhausted matrix
- Concentration of the sugary sauce
- Cooking + centrifugation → crystal separation
- Raw beet sugar
- Possible refining → Residue: molasses
- remineralizing
- vitaminizing
- purifying
- antiseptics
- tonic
- digestive
- stimulants of bile production
- it absorbs toxins from the cells and facilitates their elimination
91% water
4% carbohydrates
1% protein
+ antioxidant substances, nitrates and oxalic acid
- anemias
- brain infections
- weak lymphatic system
- deficiency of erythrocytes
- exhaustion
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