, which is produced by both men and women, respectively by the testicle and ovarian follicles.
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Generally, its blood concentration is measured in women of childbearing age, but, in some cases, the test may also be required for the evaluation of male infants.
The anti-Müllerian hormone test is carried out when the presence of conception problems (hypofertility) is suspected or to support the diagnosis of some typically female pathologies, such as polycystic ovary syndrome.
(cells of the granulosa, in the woman, and of Sertoli, in the man). Its principal action appears in the embryonic development, during the sexual differentiation.- In MALE, the anti-Müllerian hormone is produced by the Sertoli cells (cells of the seminiferous tubules that provide metabolic and structural support in spermatogenesis). AMH results in high doses from the fetal period up to two years of age; its role consists of in "preventing the formation of the female genital organs, through the regression of the Müller ducts, from which the name of the hormone in question derives. With growth, the levels of this hormone tend to decrease physiologically until they are practically absent. In men, the anti-Müllerian hormone allows to evaluate testicular function and sexual differentiation defects in childhood (intersex states and non-palpable gonads).
- In FEMALES, however, the production of the anti-Müllerian hormone follows a cyclical trend: it is low at birth, increases with puberty and decreases, until it is completely exhausted with the onset of menopause. In women, the anti-Müllerian hormone is produced by the cells of the granulosa of primary ovarian follicles; the value is proportional to the number of follicles that the woman can start to mature: essentially, the concentration of AMH can be interpreted as a fertility index.
In women, a high or low value of this parameter can be an important indicator in determining the presence of pathological conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome and primary ovarian failure.
