- is now contained in the DPCM on the new essential levels of assistance of 12 January 2017 which replaced and innovated it.
Regarding the exemption from the ticket, please note that, in specific conditions that require it, such as in the presence of high-risk pregnancies, the exemption from the ticket can also be extended to some exams that are normally paid.
With regard to all those advisable but not free investigations, it is up to the specialist doctor to suggest opportunities and timing.
but which can be prescribed directly by the gynecologist even without performing the aforementioned test, is that of the Beta hCg dosage. Beta hCG, in fact, is considered as a urinary and serum marker of the state of pregnancy.
During the first gynecological examination - which should take place within 10 weeks in order to be able to plan in time and in the best possible way the pregnancy assistance - the patient will be provided, first of all, with information on:
- Assistance and support during gestation;
- Legal benefits for maternity and paternity;
- Accompaniment courses at birth;
- Lifestyles;
- How to manage the most common symptoms.
In addition to this, as part of the visit to the gynecologist, the body weight and blood pressure of the pregnant woman will be measured. repeated regularly, in all visits to the specialist.
The gynecologist will also prescribe the following tests:
- Urinalysis to check kidney function, but also liver health, the possible presence of diabetes, gestosis or preeclampsia;
- Urine culture to detect any urinary tract infections;
- Blood tests, such as:
- Blood exam completed: the test is conducted on a small sample of blood, in order to assess the concentration of its cellular component - otherwise known as corpuscle - made up of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. This analysis is therefore important to establish whether there are abnormalities in load of blood cells. The survey is exempt from the ticket.
- Transaminase: GOT and SGPT (AST and ALT) are enzymes produced by liver cells; consequently they increase their concentration in the blood in the presence of liver damage. Again, the exam is exempt from the ticket.
- Glycemia (blood glucose level): useful for identifying any diabetic or prediabetic states; the latter, in fact, tend to be aggravated by pregnancy.
- Analysis to determine the blood group and the Rh factor and eventual Coombs test. In case of Rh negative women, or in any case at risk of immunization, the test must be repeated every month. In cases at risk of AB0 incompatibility (father of group A, B or AB and mother 0), the examination is useful around the 28th week, and must be repeated at the 34th-36th week of gestation.
- Analysis to determine the possible presence of anemia;
- Analysis to identify the presence of other diseases including infectious ones, such as:
- Toxoplasmosis And rubella (IgG and IgM antibodies are evaluated for diseases);
- Syphilis (specific serological tests for this disease: VDRL and TPHA);
- HIV (antibodies against this virus or its antigens are sought);
- Cytomegalovirus (IgG and IgM antibodies are sought; it is not exempt from the ticket).
- Search for anti-covers of some diseases that can be transmitted through sexual intercourse (gonorrhea, chlamydia, hepatitis C).
- The pap test if it has not been carried out for at least three years (exempt from the ticket for women over the age of 24).
The doctor may decide to order further tests and analyzes. Among these, we mention the following:
- Dosage of thyroid hormones (FT3, FT4) and TSH;
- Blood clotting capacity.
If the patient is at cardiovascular risk, it is advisable to carry out a cardiological examination and an eventual ECG. The specialist visit is also appropriate in the presence of thyroid disorders and dysfunctions (endocrinological visit).
First ultrasound
In the first trimester an ultrasound examination is also performed which is used to assess the state of health of the fetus. In particular, the first ultrasound examines the dating, location, number and vitality of the embryos.
Please Note
The above are the tests that are normally done during a pregnancy. In particular risk conditions, in the presence of particular ailments or illnesses of the mother or in all those cases where he deems it necessary, the doctor may also prescribe other types of specialist visits, examinations and analyzes that he deems appropriate for each specific case.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Down Syndrome
During the first trimester, the pregnant woman will also be provided with all the information on the different possibilities of prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome:
- Between 11 weeks + 0 days and 13 weeks + 6 days: blood analysis and ultrasound with nuchal translucency (combined test or bi test);
- Between 15 weeks + 0 days and 20 weeks + 0 days: blood test (for example: triple test or tri test);
- Villocentesis and amniocentesis.
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