Despite the "biological importance of the latter", the main clinical and integrative repercussions of omega 3 are to be attributed to two of its derivatives: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
Taken through fatty fish and blue fish, but also through algae and linseed, omega 3s have conquered the general public for their very important biological activities.
In fact, these nutrients are attributed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and metabolic properties, particularly valuable in the management of the main Western diseases, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia and inflammatory diseases.
The good tolerability and easy availability contribute to the great success of these supplements.
allowed to adequately clarify the biological potential of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega 3 series, useful in the prevention and management of different disease states.After observing the pathogenic role of inflammation in the onset of numerous morbid conditions, both acute and chronic-degenerative, omega 3 have become important protagonists in the dietary and nutritional scenario.
Currently, omega 3 fatty acids are attributed:
- Cardio- and vaso-protective properties, mediated by the antithrombotic and antihypertensive action;
- Anti-inflammatory properties;
- Neuroprotective properties, valuable in many neurodegenerative diseases;
- Lipid-lowering properties;
- Metabolic properties;
- Cytoprotective properties.
In light of the aforementioned properties, omega 3 are currently used in the management of:
- Metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and hypercholesterolemia;
- Cardiovascular pathologies;
- Neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's, senile dementia and Parkinson's;
- Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.
Omega 3 and Metabolic Disorders
Although the amount of work is not as extensive as for cardiovascular diseases, several studies demonstrate the usefulness of omega 3 in managing severe metabolic conditions, such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
In addition to the anti-inflammatory action, useful in countering the damaging action of the visceral adipose tissue, in some studies the omega 3s have also shown a potential insulin-sensitizing activity, particularly useful in the course of diabetic pathology.
Omega 3 and Neurodegenerative Pathologies
The well-characterized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, together with the structural role towards lipid membranes, would contribute to making omega 3 excellent allies in neurodegenerative pathologies.
Omega 3 and Sport
In recent years, omega 3s have also conquered the sports world.
The two pillars on which this application is based are:
- The protective action against the muscle subjected to intense physical exercise;
- The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, particularly valuable during intense training sessions.
Recent works have also described an improvement in ventilatory and respiratory capacities in athletes subjected to omega 3 supplementation, thus opening important new perspectives.
, generally extracted from fish oil, are currently available in various pharmaceutical formats, such as capsules, caps and liquid solutions.
The dosages most used, both in the preventive and clinical fields, are between 1 and 5 g per day, to be divided, especially for the more generous dosages, into several assumptions.
To preserve the structural integrity of omega 3, preventing potential lipoperoxidation processes, it is recommended to store supplements away from light and heat sources.
The simultaneous presence of fat-soluble antioxidants, such as vitamin E, could help preserve the quality of the product.
There are several quality certifications relating to the degree of oxidation, the content of heavy metals and toxic substances; the best known is probably the IFOS (International Fish Oil Standard).
, during lactation and in the first years of life should be supervised by medical personnel.
The same attention should be paid to patients on drug therapy with anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents.
Also, if you are using omega 3 supplements and need to undergo surgery, you should inform your doctor as you may need to stop taking these supplements before undergoing the surgical procedure.
and antithrombotic of omega 3, in order to reduce a potential increase in bleeding risk, it would be advisable to pay particular attention to the simultaneous intake of:- Aspirin;
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories;
- Anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs;
- Garlic and ginkgo biloba.
In any case, before taking omega 3 supplements, it is necessary to inform your doctor if you are following drug therapies of any kind.
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