It is therefore possible to act in such a way that, through a "multilateral offer of exercises, the aspect of speed is also taken into account" and the coordination foundations are laid for the future.
Since there is a noticeable improvement in running movements between the fifth and seventh year of age, which is also visible in an improvement in running speed, it is worthwhile to increase the amount of speed exercises during this time.
Research has shown how children who are in preschool age already obtain contact times or frequencies that are close to those of prominent athletes. This should stimulate them to train these elementary conditions of performance, already in this period, through playful and adequate forms. at the age.
rapid, as is evidently demonstrated by the researches of Diekmann, Letzelter and Steinmann.
Training programs should not be limited to reaction and acceleration exercises, however, but should place multilateral demands on the neuromuscular system of children.
, the excessive prevalence of arousal processes (at the basis of the good ability to learn new movements) is compensated by the increase in inhibitory functions. Therefore, the fundamental central nervous mechanisms are relatively "plastic", that is, they can be influenced by external actions, such as training. Unfortunately, it is often ignored that this can lead to qualitative deterioration.In this "plastic" phase, very intense changes in the physical constitution take place (increase in length). For this reason, the force / weight or leverage ratios do not develop proportionally and inevitably an increase in support times that previously had reached a level sufficient for the needs of the future is produced.
Especially in the first pubertal phase, multilateral coordination training must be carried out, so that the change in body proportions and organic-muscular conditions does not lead to a worsening of the elementary conditions of speed which, once puberty is reached, are difficult to to correct.
Towards the end of the first pubertal age, the reaction and latency times reach the values of adults and the frequency of movements, which subsequently will change little again, reaches its maximum between 13 and 15 years.
Due to the hormonally determined high rates of increase in maximum strength and rapid strength, as well as due to the increase in anaerobic capacity, high speed gains are produced at this age.
(CNS).The speed and the abilities that determine it must be developed by differentiating them from each other. First, with adequate contents and methods, its elementary assumptions are formed (support time, frequency), then the complex ones. Only at the beginning of the construction training does the complex training of speed and ability to specific acceleration of the sport discipline.
If we consider that the development of the elementary assumptions of rapidity, expressed by the quotient of rapidity, occurs essentially from 7 to 9 years, and from 12 to 14 (females) and 13-15 years (males), especially in these sensitive phases must be carried out a multilateral coordinative running training.
The first and second school age represent the best age for learning.
Already in children, attention must be paid to an optimal economy of movement (fluency, ability to relax). Children are interested in fun, play, and for this reason the training must be rich in variations and multilateral - for multilateralism. it must be understood that aimed at optimizing the speed programs relevant to the sprint.
To avoid the early formation of a motor stereotype, maximum intensity must be integrated into the training process, in ways that are as varied and multilateral as possible.
The duration of the exercise must be programmed in such a way that the speed does not decrease towards its end due to fatigue.
The optimal length of the distances depends on the training goal: if you have to train the ability to accelerate, you must choose a distance that corresponds to the individual performance level in this ability (from 15 to 30 m); if, on the other hand, it must be trained the stretch of maximum speed, which in children is between 20-30 m, after a jump start you have to run about this distance. If, on the other hand, the training has the objective of training resistance to speed, suitable distances will be chosen, which slightly exceed the competition distances.
The pauses between the repetitions of the loads must guarantee an optimal recovery of the performance capacity (4-6 minutes). In the execution of relay races suitable for children over short distances (15-20 m), breaks of about 1 minute are enough for a complete regeneration.
For further information: Speed Training
