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The accumulation of this amino acid in the circulation can be attributed to various causes, mainly of a genetic or nutritional nature. In most cases, hyperhomocysteinemia derives from a deficiency of vitamins B12, B6 and folic acid. Other factors determining a high level of homocysteine in the blood include malabsorption syndromes, the use of certain types of drugs, kidney diseases el "homocystinuria.
Although the value as a marker is still the subject of scientific investigation, hyperhomocysteinemia correlates with an increased cardiovascular risk: even if mild or moderate, an increase in homocysteine levels are predictive for the development of atherosclerosis, stroke and diseases of the peripheral vessels due to to lipid deposits.
. Furthermore, high levels of homocysteine in the blood may be related to a greater likelihood of developing heart and vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, stroke and myocardial infarction. There are also numerous risks associated with the presence of hyperhomocysteinemia during pregnancy (spontaneous abortions, malformations of the fetus, etc.).