This lesion develops as a result of the occlusion of a sebaceous gland; after this event, the latter is unable to properly dispose of its own secretion, which is collected by developing the cyst.
The incision of this formation typically reveals a cheesy content, often with a fetid odor, formed by epithelial debris and fatty material.
The sebaceous cyst appears as a slow-growing mass, detected on the skin, with a semi-solid consistency. This cystic formation is indolent, except in the case of infection.
Sebaceous cysts are frequently seen on the scalp, ears, face and back. The size of these lesions is quite variable and can sometimes reach 5-6 cm in diameter.
Treatment involves drainage and surgical excision of the entire cyst, including its capsule, to prevent possible recurrence.
The occlusion of a sebaceous gland usually occurs due to trauma to the affected area. A scratch, a surgical wound, or a skin disorder (such as acne) can therefore promote the development of a cyst.
In the onset of these lesions, stress, alcohol and tobacco abuse and the use of certain cosmetics also seem to play a contributing role.
Other factors that may favor the onset of a sebaceous cyst may include certain genetic disorders, such as Gardner's syndrome or basal cell nevus syndrome.
and upper arms. However, these lesions can develop in any area of the body, except the sole of the foot and the palm of the hand.In males, these cystic formations tend to appear quite frequently also in the scrotal sac and chest.
). Sometimes, it is possible to spill out its contents, a whitish or grayish-white material, rather dense and foul-smelling.
A large cyst tends to recur frequently unless the cyst wall is completely removed.
However, if the sebaceous cyst grows in volume or affects the aesthetic appearance, it is advisable to remove it surgically. The intervention involves drainage and excision of the mass with complete removal of the cyst wall.
During the procedure, under local anesthesia, a small incision is made to evacuate the contents, then the walls of the cyst are removed with a scalpel or hemostatic forceps; otherwise, the lesion could recur.
In case of rupture of the cyst or suppuration, it is necessary to proceed to the timely incision of the lesion, then a drainage gauze is introduced which is removed after 2-3 days.
After treatment, oral antibiotics, such as cloxacillin and erythromycin, can be prescribed to prevent further complications in the affected area, while the sutured surgical wound remains covered and sterile for approximately 7-10 days.
