Lawsonia inermis
Fam. Lythraceae
Common name: Henna
Description
Henna is a thorny shrub plant, from two to four meters high, with a very branched structure. Its leaves are especially used, opposite, glabrous, oval, oboval, lanceolate, at the base gradually narrowed into a very short petiole, with well manifested median vein and secondary veins not very ramified, 12-67 mm long and 15-25 mm wide.
The fragrant white-pink flowers bloom from May to July, are small and numerous, collected in a terminal panicle with puny, opposite, quadrangular ramifications. The chalice is glabrous, its incisions oval, the corolla a little larger than the chalice, the oval, lanceolate, open petals, the stamens, once longer than the corolla, close to each other in pairs, placed above the receptacle, alternating with the petals.
The fruit consists of a small brownish capsule, similar to a pea, 4-8 mm in diameter, with 32-49 seeds per fruit, irregularly divided into four parts by a portion of the stylus.
Areal
Native to Asia Minor, North Africa, Iran and Western India. Mainly grown in countries such as Egypt, Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, India, Algeria, Tunisia and China.
Uses
Dyeing plant, aromatic, astringent, mainly used for cosmetic purposes. From the leaves and especially from the stem of Henna a dark green powder called henna is obtained. Thanks to the presence of lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), once mixed with hot water, the henna takes on a consistency pasty of brownish Russian color; as such, it is applied and left on for a couple of hours on the skin, nails or hair, to which it gives a characteristic orange-brownish color.
Henna is currently used in the West as a hair dye and for temporary skin decorations (tattoos).
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