Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider = S. californica = Buxus chinensis
Fam Buxaceae
See also: Liquid jojoba wax - Jojoba oil in cosmetics
Description
Large dioecious shrub with a rounded shape, very long-lived (lives up to 200 years).
It is "originally from America (there is" no "spontaneous in China, it has been said"chinensis " due to a botanist's mistake).
Leaves: opposite, petiolate, with entire margins, covered with waxes, of a cerulean green color, then light green.
White, pentamer, isolated and terminal flowers, male and female brought by different plants.
Fruit: an ovoid capsule containing 1-3 brown seeds, with large cotyledons.
Areal and culture
Native to Arizona and California, this plant was also known to the Aztecs who used it as food and for oil, to treat skin ailments and wounds. It grows in several semi-arid regions of the world, where there is a fairly high temperature; Europe, Asia, Australia, Japan, North and South America. It lives on sandy or stony soil, poor and does not need fertilizers, moreover it requires little water. adapts to extreme conditions thanks to the very developed and deep roots and the waxy coating of the leaves.
Part used
The seeds are used, in particular the cotyledons, collected at maturity in late summer. The cotyledons mainly contain waxy-oily substances (44-64), from which the so-called liquid jojoba oil is obtained. There are also proteins (26-32%), carbohydrates (8%), fibers, and a cyanogenic glycoside, simmondsin. The oil is unusual: it lacks glycerin and there are unsaturated fatty acids at C30-C40 that form linear esters with monoethylene alcohols. This particular constitution is the basis of the particular properties of jojoba oil. This oil is in fact more fluid, stable, non-flammable and resistant to oxidation. It can polymerize in the light and should therefore be stored in tin or dark glass bottles (such as olive oil).
Uses
Multiple: due to the chemical-physical properties of the lipid constituents, jojoba oil is used in the field:
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The main sector of use is the cosmetic one, always in the dermatological field. Jojoba oil protects and lubricates skin and hair and is often used to prevent skin aging and the appearance of wrinkles.
The particular nature of the lipid constituents of jojoba oil allows on the one hand greater penetration and prompt epidermal absorption, on the other a high film-forming activity. It also has a protective action against the sun, by virtue of the stability of these molecules to rays UV.
Jojoba oil and liquid wax, as well as being used in cosmetics, have various industrial uses: to make paints, detergents, resins and plastics and can be a substitute for whale grease used as a lubricant for precision engines.
