YASMIN - PACKAGE LEAFLET - LEAFLETS

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Yasmin - Package Leaflet

Indications Contraindications Precautions for use Interactions Warnings Dosage and method of use Overdose Undesirable Effects Shelf life and Storage Composition and pharmaceutical form

Active ingredients: Ethinylestradiol, Drospirenone

Yasmin 0.03 mg / 3 mg film-coated tablets

Why is Yasmin used? What is it for?

YASMIN is a contraceptive pill and is used to prevent pregnancy.
Each tablet contains a small amount of two female hormones, drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol.
Contraceptive pills that contain two hormones are called combination pills.

Contraindications When Yasmin should not be used

When you shouldn't use YASMIN

Do not use YASMIN if you have any of the conditions listed below. If you have any of the conditions listed below, please contact your doctor. Your doctor will discuss with you other birth control methods that may be more suitable for you.

Do not take YASMIN:

if you have (or have ever had) a blood clot in a blood vessel of the leg (deep vein thrombosis, DVT), lung (pulmonary embolism, PE) or other organs;
if you know you have a disorder that affects blood clotting, such as protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, antithrombin-III deficiency, factor V Leiden or antiphospholipid antibodies;
if you are going to have an "operation or if you will be lying down for a long time (see section" Blood clots "); if you have ever had a heart attack or stroke;
if you have (or have ever had) angina pectoris (a condition that causes severe chest pain and may be a first sign of a heart attack) or transient ischemic attack (TIA - temporary stroke symptoms);
if you have any of the following diseases, which could increase the risk of clots in the arteries: o severe diabetes with blood vessel damage o very high blood pressure o very high level of fat (cholesterol or triglycerides) in the blood o a disease known as hyperhomocysteinemia
if you have (or have ever had) a type of migraine called 'migraine with aura';
if you have (or have ever had) liver disease and your liver function is still abnormal
if your kidneys are not working well (kidney failure)
if you have (or have ever had) liver cancer
if you have (or have ever had) or if you are suspected of having breast or genital cancer
if you have unexplained vaginal bleeding
if you are allergic to ethinyl estradiol or drospirenone or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6). This condition can cause itching, rash or swelling.

Additional information on particular populations

Children and adolescents

YASMIN is not indicated in women whose menstrual cycle has not yet started.

Precautions for use What you need to know before taking Yasmin

General notes

Before you start using YASMIN you should read the information on blood clots in section 2. It is especially important that you read the symptoms of a blood clot (see section 2 "Blood clots").

Before taking YASMIN, your doctor will ask you a few questions about your personal health history and that of your family members. The doctor will also measure your blood pressure and, depending on your personal situation, may also carry out other tests.

This leaflet describes various situations in which you must stop YASMIN or in which the safety of YASMIN may be decreased. In such situations it is necessary to refrain from sexual intercourse or to take additional non-hormonal contraceptive measures, such as a condom or other barrier method. Do not use the rhythm or basal temperature method. In fact, these methods can be unreliable as YASMIN alters the monthly changes in body temperature and cervical mucus.

YASMIN, like all hormonal contraceptives, offers no protection against HIV infection (AIDS) or other sexually transmitted diseases.

Interactions Which drugs or foods can change the effect of Yasmin

Always tell your doctor if you are taking any medicines or herbal products. Tell any other doctor or dentist who prescribes another medicine (or pharmacist) that you are taking YASMIN. They will be able to tell you if you need to take additional contraceptive measures (e.g. condoms) and for how long.

Some medicines affect the blood levels of YASMIN and can make it less effective in preventing pregnancy or can cause unexpected bleeding. These include:

medicines to treat: o epilepsy (e.g. primidone, phenytoin, barbiturates, carbamazepine, or xcarbazepine) o tuberculosis (e.g.rifampicin) or HIV and Hepatitis C virus infections (ritonavir, nevirapine, efavirenz known as protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) or other infections (griseofulvin) or lung pressure (bosentan)
l "St. John's wort herbal remedy.

YASMIN may influence the effect of other medicines, for example:

medicines containing cyclosporine;
the anti-epileptic lamotrigine (this can lead to an increase in the frequency of seizures).

Ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking any medicine.

YASMIN with food and drink

YASMIN can be taken with or without food, with some water if needed.

Laboratory analysis

If you need to have a blood test, tell your doctor or laboratory staff that you are taking the pill, as hormonal contraceptives can affect the results of some tests.

Pregnancy

If you are pregnant, you should not use YASMIN. If you become pregnant while taking YASMIN you must stop immediately and contact your doctor. If you wish to become pregnant, you can stop taking YASMIN at any time (see also "If you stop taking YASMIN")

Ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking any medicine.

Feeding time

The use of YASMIN is generally not recommended during breastfeeding. If you want to take the pill while breastfeeding, you should contact your doctor.

Ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking any medicine.

Driving and using machines

There is no evidence that YASMIN affects the ability to drive or use machines.

YASMIN contains lactose

If you cannot tolerate some sugars, contact your doctor before taking YASMIN.

Warnings It is important to know that:

When should you see a doctor?

Contact a doctor urgently

if you notice possible signs of a blood clot which may indicate that you are suffering from a blood clot in the leg (deep vein thrombosis), a blood clot in the lung (pulmonary embolism), a heart attack or a stroke (see section below " Blood clots ").

For a description of the symptoms of these serious side effects go to the section "How to recognize a blood clot".

Talk to your doctor before taking YASMIN.

Tell your doctor if any of the following apply to you.

In some situations you need to be extra careful while using YASMIN or any other combination pill and your doctor may need to see you regularly. If this condition appears or worsens while you are using YASMIN, you should tell your doctor.

if a close relative has or has ever had breast cancer
if you have liver or gallbladder disease
if you have diabetes
if you suffer from depression
if you have Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis (chronic inflammatory bowel disease);
if you have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, a disease that affects the natural defense system);
if you have haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS, a blood clotting disorder causing kidney failure);
if you have sickle cell anemia (an inherited disease of the red blood cells);
if you have high levels of fat in the blood (hypertriglyceridaemia) or a "positive family history of this condition." Hypertriglyceridaemia has been associated with an increased risk of developing pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas);
if you are going to have an "operation or if you are going to lie down for a long time (see section 2" Blood clots ");
if you have just given birth, your risk of developing blood clots is higher. Ask your doctor how long after having a baby you can start taking YASMIN;
if you have "inflammation of the veins under the skin (superficial thrombophlebitis);
if you have varicose veins.
if you have epilepsy (see "Other medicines and YASMIN")
if you have a disease that first appeared during pregnancy or previous use of sex steroids (for example, hearing loss, a blood disorder called porphyria, rash with blisters during pregnancy (herpes gravidarum) ), a nerve disease causing sudden body movements (Sydenham's chorea))
if you have or have ever had chloasma (discoloration of the skin, especially of the face or neck, known as "pregnancy spots"). In this case, avoid direct exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet rays
if you have hereditary angioedema, medicines containing estrogen can cause or worsen the symptoms. If you experience symptoms of angioedema, such as swelling of the face, tongue and / or throat and / or difficulty in swallowing or hives with difficulty in breathing, contact your doctor immediately.

BLOOD CLOTS

Using a combined hormonal contraceptive such as YASMIN increases your risk of developing a blood clot compared with not using one. In rare cases, a blood clot can block blood vessels and cause serious problems.

Blood clots can develop

in veins (called "venous thrombosis", "venous thromboembolism" or VTE)
in the arteries (referred to as 'arterial thrombosis', 'arterial thromboembolism' or ATE).

Recovery from blood clots is not always complete. Rarely, long-lasting severe effects can occur or, very rarely, they can be fatal.

It is important to remember that the overall risk of a harmful blood clot associated with YASMIN is low.

HOW TO RECOGNIZE A BLOOD CLOT

See a doctor immediately if you notice any of the following signs or symptoms.

Do you have any of these signs? What are you probably suffering from?

swelling of one leg or along a vein in the leg or foot, especially when accompanied by:
pain or tenderness in the leg which may only be felt when standing or walking
increased sensation of heat in the affected leg
change in color of the skin on the leg, such as turning pale, red or blue

sudden and unexplained shortness of breath or rapid breathing;
sudden cough with no obvious cause, possibly causing blood to be emitted;
sharp chest pain which may increase with deep breathing;
severe light headedness or dizziness;
rapid or irregular heartbeat;
severe pain in the stomach.

If you are unsure, tell your doctor as some of these symptoms such as coughing or shortness of breath may be mistaken for a milder condition such as a "respiratory infection (eg a" common cold "). Pulmonary embolism Symptoms that occur most frequently in one eye:

immediate loss of vision or
painless blurring of vision which can progress to loss of vision

Retinal vein thrombosis (blood clot in the eye)

chest pain, discomfort, feeling of pressure or heaviness
sensation of squeezing or fullness in the chest, arm or below the breastbone;
feeling of fullness, indigestion or choking;
upper body discomfort radiating to the back, jaw, throat, arms and stomach;
sweating, nausea, vomiting or dizziness;
extreme weakness, anxiety, or shortness of breath;
rapid or irregular heartbeats

Heart attack

sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body;
sudden confusion, difficulty speaking or understanding;
sudden difficulty seeing in one or both eyes;
sudden difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination;
sudden, severe or prolonged migraine with no known cause;
loss of consciousness or fainting with or without seizures.

Stroke symptoms can sometimes be brief, with almost immediate and complete recovery, but you still need to see a doctor urgently as you may be at risk for another stroke. Stroke

swelling and pale blue discoloration of one "extremity;
severe stomach pain (acute abdomen)

Blood clots that block other blood vessels

BLOOD CLOTS IN A VEIN

What can happen if a blood clot forms in a vein?

The use of combined hormonal contraceptives has been linked to an increased risk of blood clots forming in the veins (venous thrombosis). However, these side effects are rare. In most cases they occur in the first year of using a combined hormonal contraceptive.
If a blood clot forms in a vein in the leg or foot, it can cause a deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
If a blood clot travels from the leg and lodges in the lung, it can cause a "pulmonary embolism."
Very rarely, a clot can form in another organ such as the eye (retinal vein thrombosis).

When is the risk of developing a blood clot in a vein highest?

The risk of developing a blood clot in a vein is highest during the first year of taking a combined hormonal contraceptive for the first time. The risk may be even higher if you restart taking a combined hormonal contraceptive (the same drug or a different drug) after a break of 4 or more weeks.

After the first year, the risk is reduced but is always slightly higher than if you were not using a combined hormonal contraceptive.

When you stop taking YASMIN, the risk of developing a blood clot returns to normal within a few weeks.

What is the risk of developing a blood clot?

The risk depends on your natural risk of VTE and the type of combined hormonal contraceptive you are taking.

The overall risk of developing a blood clot in the leg or lung (DVT or PE) with YASMIN is low.

Out of 10,000 women who are not using any combined hormonal contraceptive and who are not pregnant, about 2 will develop a blood clot in a year.
Out of 10,000 women who are using a combined hormonal contraceptive that contains levonorgestrel, norethisterone or norgestimate, about 5-7 will develop a blood clot in a year.
Out of 10,000 women who are using a combined hormonal contraceptive containing drospirenone, such as YASMIN, about 9-12 will develop a blood clot in a year.
The risk of a blood clot forming depends on your medical history (see under "Factors that increase the risk of a blood clot forming").

Risk of developing a blood clot in one year Women who are not using a combined hormone pill and who are not pregnant About 2 out of 10,000 women Women using a combined hormonal contraceptive pill containing levonorgestrel, norethisterone or norgestimate About 5-7 out of 10,000 women Women who use YASMIN About 9-12 out of 10,000 women

Factors that increase the risk of developing a blood clot in a vein

The risk of developing a blood clot with YASMIN is low but some conditions increase the risk. Its risk is greater:

if you are severely overweight (body mass index or BMI over 30 kg / m2);
if a close relative has had a blood clot in the leg, lung or other organ at a young age (less than about 50 years). In this case you could have an inherited blood clotting disorder;
if you are going to have an operation or if you have to lie down for a long time due to an injury or illness or if you have a leg in a cast. You may need to stop taking YASMIN a few weeks before the surgery or in the period where you are less mobile. If you have to stop taking YASMIN, ask your doctor when you can start taking it again;
as you get older (especially over the age of 35);
if you gave birth less than a few weeks ago.

The risk of developing a blood clot increases the more conditions you have of this type.

Air travel (lasting> 4 hours) may temporarily increase the risk of a blood clot, especially if you have some of the other risk factors listed.

It is important that you tell your doctor if any of these apply to you, even if you are not sure. Your doctor may decide that YASMIN needs to be stopped.

If any of the above conditions change while you are using YASMIN, for example if a close relative has a thrombosis for no known reason or if you gain a lot of weight, contact your doctor.

BLOOD CLOTS IN AN ARTERY

What can happen if a blood clot forms in an "artery?"

Like blood clots in a vein, clots in an artery can cause serious problems, for example, they can cause a heart attack or stroke.

Factors that increase the risk of developing a blood clot in an artery

It is important to note that the risk of heart attack or stroke associated with the use of YASMIN is very low but can increase:

with increasing age (over 35 years);
if you smoke. When using a combined hormonal contraceptive such as YASMIN you are advised to stop smoking. If you are unable to stop smoking and are over the age of 35, your doctor may advise you to use a different type of contraceptive;
if you are overweight;
if you have high blood pressure;
if a member of your immediate family has had a heart attack or stroke at a young age (less than about 50 years). In this case, you may also be at high risk of having a heart attack or stroke;
if you or a close relative have a high level of fat in the blood (cholesterol or triglycerides);
if you suffer from migraines, especially migraines with aura;
if you have any heart problems (valve defect, a heart rhythm disorder called atrial fibrillation);
if you have diabetes.

If you have more than one of these conditions or if any of them are particularly severe, the risk of developing a blood clot may be even higher.

If any of the above conditions change while you are using YASMIN, for example if you start smoking, if a close relative has a thrombosis for no known reason, or if you gain a lot of weight, contact your doctor.

YASMIN and cancer

Breast cancer is seen slightly more frequently in women using combination pills, but it is not known whether this is due to the treatment. For example, it is possible that more cancers are diagnosed in women who use the Pill because they undergo more frequent medical checks. The occurrence of breast cancer gradually decreases after stopping the combined pill. It is important that you check your breasts regularly and contact your doctor if you feel any lump.

Benign liver tumors and, even more rarely, malignant liver tumors have been observed in rare cases in women using the Pill. Contact your doctor if you experience unusually severe abdominal pain.

Intermenstrual bleeding

During the first few months of taking YASMIN you may experience unexpected bleeding (bleeding outside the one week off). If this bleeding occurs for more than a few months, or starts after a few months, your doctor should check what is wrong.

What to do if menstruation does not appear during the week off

If you have taken all the tablets correctly, have not had vomiting or severe diarrhea and have not taken any other medicines, it is highly unlikely that you are pregnant.

If the period does not appear twice in a row, she may be pregnant. Contact your doctor immediately. Do not start the next strip until you are sure you are not pregnant.

Dose, Method and Time of Administration How to use Yasmin: Posology

Take one YASMIN tablet every day, with a little water if needed. You can take the tablets with or without food, but you must take them around the same time each day.

The blister contains 21 tablets. Next to each tablet is printed the day of the week it should be taken. For example, if you start on a Wednesday, take the tablet next to WED. Follow the direction of the arrows on the blister until you have taken all 21 tablets.

So do not take tablets for 7 days. During these 7 days (so-called withdrawal week) menstruation should appear. This is called "withdrawal bleeding" and usually starts on the second or third day of the withdrawal week.

Start a new strip on the eighth day after the last YASMIN tablet (ie after the 7 day break), regardless of whether or not your period has stopped. This means that you must start each new strip of YASMIN on the same day of the week and your period will also start on the same day each month.

By taking YASMIN as indicated above, you are protected from pregnancy even during the 7 days that you do not take the tablets.

When can the first blister start?

If you have not used a hormonal contraceptive in the previous month

Start taking YASMIN on the first day of your period (i.e. the first day of your period). If you start on the first day of your period, the contraceptive effect is immediate. You can also start taking YASMIN between the 2nd and 5th day of your period, but in this case you must take additional contraceptive measures (for example a condom) to the first 7 days.

Changing from a combined hormonal contraceptive or a combined contraceptive vaginal ring or patch

Start taking YASMIN preferably the day after the last active tablet (the last tablet containing the active ingredients) of the previous pill, or at the latest on the day after the end of the pill-free interval (or after the last inactive tablet. of the previous pill). When switching from a combined contraceptive vaginal ring or patch, follow your doctor's advice.

Changing from a progestogen-only method (progestogen-only pill, injection, implant, or progestogen-releasing intrauterine system (IUS))

You can switch any day from the progestogen-only pill (from an implant or IUS on the day of its removal, from an injectable when you have the next injection), but in all these cases take additional contraceptive measures (eg. condom) for the first 7 days of taking the tablets.

After an abortion

Follow your doctor's advice.

After a birth

You can start taking YASMIN between day 21 and day 28 after having a baby. If you start later than day 28, use a so-called barrier method (eg condoms) during the first 7 days of taking YASMIN . If, after having a baby, you have had intercourse before starting YASMIN (or restarting), make sure you are not pregnant or wait for your period.

If you are breastfeeding and want to start (or restart) YASMIN

Read the "Breastfeeding" section.

Ask your doctor for advice if you are not sure when to start.

Overdose What to do if you have taken too much Yasmin

If you take more YASMIN than you should

There are no reports of serious harmful effects of taking too many YASMIN tablets.

If you take several tablets at once, you may feel sick or vomit. Young girls can have vaginal bleeding.

If you have taken too many YASMIN tablets, or find that some tablets have been taken by a child, contact your doctor or pharmacist immediately.

If you forget to take YASMIN

If you are less than 12 hours late in taking a tablet, contraceptive protection is not reduced. Take the tablet as soon as you remember and then take the next tablets as planned.
If you are more than 12 hours late in taking a tablet, contraceptive protection may be reduced. The more tablets you miss, the greater the risk of becoming pregnant.

The risk of incomplete contraceptive protection is greatest if you forget a tablet at the beginning or at the end of the strip. You should therefore follow the instructions below (see also the diagram below):

More than one tablet forgotten in this pack

Talk to your doctor.

One tablet forgotten in the first week

Take the forgotten tablet as soon as you remember, even if that means that you have to take two tablets at the same time. Then continue taking the tablets at the usual time and take additional contraceptive measures for the next 7 days, for example a condom. If you have had sexual intercourse in the week preceding the forgetfulness, you may be pregnant. In this case, please contact your doctor.

One tablet forgotten in the second week

Take the forgotten tablet as soon as you remember, even if that means that you have to take two tablets at the same time. Then continue taking the tablets at the usual time. The contraceptive safety of the pill is maintained and it is therefore not necessary to take additional precautions.

One tablet forgotten in week 3

You can choose between two possibilities:

you can take the forgotten tablet as soon as you remember, even if that means taking two tablets at the same time. Continue taking the tablets at the usual time. Skip the tablet-free interval and start the next strip immediately. You will most likely not have a period until the second strip is finished, but you may also have low or menstrual bleeding during the second strip.
you can also stop taking the tablets from your current cycle and go directly to the 7-day break (including the day of the forgotten tablet). If you want to start the next strip on your usual day, keep an interval of less than 7 days. If you follow either of these two recommendations, you will stay protected against pregnancy.

If you have forgotten any of the tablets in the strip and do not menstruate during the first tablet-free interval, you may be pregnant. Talk to your doctor before starting a new strip.

What to do in case of vomiting or severe diarrhea

If you vomit within 3-4 hours after taking a tablet or have severe diarrhea, the active substances in the pill may not be fully absorbed by your body. The situation is comparable to when you forget to take a tablet. After vomiting or diarrhea, take another tablet from a reserve pack as soon as possible. If possible, take it within 12 hours of the usual tablet-taking time. If this is not possible, or if 12 hours have already passed, you should follow the instructions given in the section "If you forget to take YASMIN".

How to delay menstruation: what you need to know

Although not recommended, you may delay your period by continuing with a new YASMIN strip instead of observing the 7-day interval. You may experience low or menstrual bleeding while using this second strip. Continue with the next strip after the usual 7-day interval.

You can ask your doctor for advice before deciding to delay your period.

How to change the start day of your period: what you need to know

If you take the tablets according to the instructions, your period will start in the week off. If you have to change the start day, shorten the normal break between two packs (but never extend it - 7 days is the maximum!). For example, if your break normally starts on a Friday and you want to move it to Tuesday (3 days earlier), you start the next blister pack 3 days early. If you make the break between two cycles very short (eg 3 days or less), you may not have bleeding during this interval.

Later, you may have low or menstrual bleeding.

If you are not sure what to do, ask your doctor for advice

If you stop taking YASMIN

You can stop taking YASMIN at any time. If you still want to avoid becoming pregnant, ask your doctor for advice on other safe birth control methods. If you want to become pregnant, stop taking YASMIN and wait for your period before trying to get pregnant.

This will allow you to more easily calculate the expected date of delivery.

If you have any further questions on the use of this medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Side Effects What are the side effects of Yasmin

Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. If you get any side effects, especially if they are severe or persistent, or if there is any change in your health that you think might be due to YASMIN, please tell your doctor.

An increased risk of developing blood clots in the veins (venous thromboembolism (VTE)) or blood clots in the arteries (arterial thromboembolism (ATE)) is present in all women taking combined hormonal contraceptives. For more detailed information on the different risks from "taking combined hormonal contraceptives, see section 2" What you need to know before you use YASMIN ".

The following side effects have been associated with the use of YASMIN.

Common side effects (may affect between 1 and 10 in 100 women):

menstrual disturbances, intermenstrual bleeding, breast pain, breast tenderness
headache, depressed mood
migraine
nausea
thick, whitish vaginal discharge, candidiasis.

Uncommon side effects (may affect between 1 and 10 in 1000 women):

breast enlargement, changes in sexual desire
high blood pressure, low blood pressure
vomiting, diarrhea
acne, rash, severe itching, hair loss (alopecia)
vaginal infection
water retention, changes in body weight.

Rare side effects (may affect between 1 and 10 in 10,000 women):

allergic reactions (hypersensitivity), asthma
mammary discharge
hearing damage
skin diseases erythema nodosum (characterized by reddish and painful skin nodules) or erythema multiforme (characterized by rash with target lesions or ulcers).
harmful blood clots in a vein or artery, for example: in a leg or foot (DVT), lung (PE), heart attack stroke mini-stroke or temporary stroke-like symptoms, known such as transient ischemic attack, blood clots in the liver, stomach / intestines, kidneys or eye.

The chance of developing a blood clot may be higher if you have any other conditions that increase this risk (see section 2 for more information on conditions that increase the risk of blood clots and the symptoms of a blood clot).

Reporting of side effects

If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. You can also report side effects directly via the national reporting system at https://www.aifa.gov.it/content/segnalazioni-reazioni-avverse. By reporting side effects you can help provide more information on safety. of this medicine.

Expiry and Retention

Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children.

Do not store above 25 ° C. Store in the original packaging.

Expiration date

Do not use this medicine after the expiry date which is stated on the carton after "Do not use after:" or "EXP".

The expiry date refers to the last day of the month.

Do not throw any medicines via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to throw away medicines you no longer use. This will help protect the environment.

Composition and pharmaceutical form

What YASMIN contains

The active ingredients are drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol. Each tablet contains 3 milligrams of drospirenone and 0.030 milligrams of ethinyl estradiol.
The other ingredients are: lactose monohydrate, maize starch, pregelatinised maize starch, povidone K25, magnesium stearate, hypromellose, macrogol 6,000, talc, titanium dioxide (E171), yellow iron oxide (E172).

Description of what YASMIN looks like and contents of the pack

Each blister of Yasmin contains 21 light yellow film-coated tablets.
Yasmin tablets are film-coated; the tablet core is coated. The tablets are light yellow, round, with convex faces, on one of which the letters "DO" are imprinted in a regular hexagon.
Yasmin is available in packs of 1, 3, 6 and 13 blisters, each with 21 film-coated tablets.

Not all pack sizes may be marketed.

Source Package Leaflet: AIFA (Italian Medicines Agency). Content published in January 2016. The information present may not be up-to-date.
To have access to the most up-to-date version, it is advisable to access the AIFA (Italian Medicines Agency) website. Disclaimer and useful information.

More information about Yasmin can be found in the "Summary of Characteristics" tab. 01.0 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT 02.0 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION 03.0 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM 04.0 CLINICAL PARTICULARS 04.1 Therapeutic indications 04.2 Posology and method of administration 04.3 Contraindications 04.4 Special warnings and appropriate precautions for use 04.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction 04.6 Pregnancy and lactation 04.6 Pregnancy .7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines 04.8 Undesirable effects 04.9 Overdose 05.0 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES 05.1 Pharmacodynamic properties 05.2 Pharmacokinetic properties 05.3 Preclinical safety data 06.0 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS 06.1 Excipients 06.2 Incompatibilities 06.3 Shelf life 06.4 Special precautions for storage 06.5 Nature of the immediate packaging and contents of the package 06.6 Instructions for use and handling 07.0 MARKETING AUTHORIZATION HOLDER 08.0 MARKETING AUTHORIZATION NUMBER ON THE MARKET 09.0 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORIZATION OR RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORIZATION 10.0 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT 11.0 FOR RADIOPharmaceuticals, FULL DATA ON INTERNAL RADIATION DOSIMETRY 12.0 FOR RADIOPharmaceuticals, FURTHER DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS AND PRE-DETAILED QUALITY CONTROLS

01.0 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT

YASMIN 0.03 MG / 3 MG TABLETS COATED WITH FILM

02.0 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION

Each tablet contains 0.03 mg of ethinylestradiol and 3 mg of drospirenone.

Excipient with known effect: lactose 46 mg.

For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.

03.0 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM

Film-coated tablets.

Round, pale yellow tablets with convex faces, on one of which the letters "DO" are embossed in a regular hexagon.

04.0 CLINICAL INFORMATION

04.1 Therapeutic indications

Oral contraception.

The decision to prescribe Yasmin must take into account the individual woman's current risk factors, particularly those related to venous thromboembolism (VTE) and the comparison between the risk of VTE associated with Yasmin and that associated with other combined hormonal contraceptives (COCs). (see sections 4.3 and 4.4).

04.2 Posology and method of administration

Method of administration

Oral use.

Dosage

How to take Yasmin

The tablets should be taken at about the same time each day, if needed with a small amount of liquid, and in the order indicated on the blister pack. The dosage is one tablet per day for 21 consecutive days. Each subsequent pack should be started afterwards. an interval of seven days, during which a "withdrawal bleed" usually occurs. This usually starts 2-3 days after taking the last tablet and may not have finished before the next pack is started.

How to start treatment with Yasmin

• No previous use of hormonal contraceptives (in the previous month)

The first tablet should be taken on the first day of your natural menstrual cycle (i.e. the first day of your period).

• Changing from a combined hormonal contraceptive (combined oral contraceptive, vaginal ring or transdermal patch)

Yasmin should preferably be started on the day after the last active tablet (the last tablet containing the active ingredients) of the previous COC, or at the latest on the day after the usual tablet-free interval or after the last one. placebo tablet of the previous combined oral contraceptive. If a vaginal ring or transdermal patch has been used, Yasmin should preferably be started on the day of removal, or at the latest when the next application should be made.

• Changing from a progestogen-only contraceptive (progestogen-only pill, injection, implant) or from a progestogen-releasing intrauterine system (IUS)

The woman can switch to Yasmin at any time if she uses the progestogen-only pill (in the case of an implant or an IUS, the day of its removal; in the case of an injectable, the day it should be given. " injection); however, in all these cases, the woman should be advised to use an additional barrier method of contraception for the first 7 days of dosing.

• After an abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy

You can start immediately, without the need for extra contraceptive measures.

• After a birth or abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy

Tablet-taking should begin between the 21st and 28th day after delivery or abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy. In case of later initiation, the woman should be advised to use an additional barrier contraceptive method for the first few months. 7 days However, if you have had sexual intercourse in the meantime, you must either rule out pregnancy, or wait until your next period, before you start using the COC.

For breastfeeding women see section 4.6.

Behavior in case of failure to take tablets

If she is less than 12 hours late in taking a tablet, contraceptive protection is maintained. The woman should take the tablet as soon as she remembers and then take the following tablets at the usual time.

If you are more than 12 hours late in taking a tablet, contraceptive protection may be reduced. If you miss a tablet, the following principles apply:

1. Tablet-taking must never be interrupted for more than 7 days.

2. It takes 7 days of uninterrupted tablet-taking to achieve "adequate suppression of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis."

As a result, the following advice can be given in daily practice:

• 1st week

The forgotten tablet should be taken as soon as the woman remembers, even if this involves taking two tablets at the same time. Then she should continue to take the tablets regularly as planned. In addition, contraception is required for the next 7 days. such as a condom. If intercourse occurred in the previous 7 days, the possibility of a pregnancy should be considered. The greater the number of missed tablets, the closer to the free interval. from the pill, the higher the risk of pregnancy.

• 2nd week

The forgotten tablet should be taken as soon as the woman remembers, even if this involves taking two tablets at the same time. Then she should continue to take the tablets regularly as planned. If the tablets have been taken correctly within 7 days use of additional contraceptive methods is not necessary. However, if more than one tablet has been missed, the use of additional precautions should be recommended for 7 days.

• 3rd week

Given the imminent 7-day tablet-free interval, the risk of reduced contraceptive reliability is greater. However, by changing the tablet-taking schedule, the reduction in contraceptive protection can still be prevented. If one of the following two options is used, therefore, it is not necessary to use additional contraceptive measures, provided that in the 7 days preceding the first missed tablet all tablets have been taken correctly. If not, you need to follow the first of the two options and also take extra contraceptive measures within the next 7 days.

1. The forgotten tablet should be taken as soon as the woman remembers, even if this means taking two tablets at the same time. Then she should continue to take the tablets regularly as planned. The next pack should be started immediately after the end. than the one in use, ie without observing any pause between the two packs. Withdrawal bleeding is unlikely until the second pack is finished, however, spotting or breakthrough bleeding may occur while taking the tablets.

2. You may also be advised to stop taking the tablets from the current pack. In this case, you should observe a tablet-free interval of up to 7 days, including those in which the tablets have been missed, and then resume. with a new packaging.

If the woman has forgotten to take tablets and does not experience withdrawal bleeding in the first regular tablet-free interval, the possibility of an existing pregnancy should be considered.

Recommendations in case of gastrointestinal disorders

In case of severe gastrointestinal disturbances (eg vomiting or diarrhea), absorption may be incomplete and additional contraceptive measures must be used.

If vomiting occurs within 3-4 hours of taking a tablet, a new (replacement) tablet should be taken as soon as possible. If possible, the new tablet should be taken within 12 hours of the usual taking time. 12 hours, the same instructions for forgetting tablets apply, as described in section 4.2. "Behavior in case of missed tablets".

If you do not want to change the usual dosing schedule, you will have to take the tablet (s) required (s) from another package.

How to move a withdrawal bleed

To delay a period, you must continue with another pack of Yasmin without observing the pill-free interval. This can be continued for as long as desired until the end of the second pack. During this prolonged use, breakthrough bleeding or spotting may occur. Yasmin should be resumed regularly after the usual 7-day tablet-free interval.

To shift your period to another day of the week than it occurs with your current schedule, you may be advised to shorten your first pill-free interval by the desired days. The shorter this interval, the greater the chance of not having a withdrawal bleed and you will experience breakthrough bleeding or spotting during the next pack (such as when you want to delay your period).

Additional information on particular populations

Children and adolescents

Yasmin is indicated only after the menarche. Based on epidemiological data collected in more than 2,000 adolescent women under the age of 18, there are no data to indicate that the safety and efficacy in this young age group is different from that known in women over the age of 18. .

04.3 Contraindications

Combined hormonal contraceptives (COCs) should not be used under the conditions listed below. Should any of these conditions occur for the first time during COC use, the medicinal product should be discontinued immediately.

• Presence or risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE)

- Venous thromboembolism - current (with anticoagulant intake) or previous VTE (eg deep vein thrombosis [DVT] or pulmonary embolism [PE])

- Known hereditary or acquired predisposition to venous thromboembolism, such as resistance to activated protein C (including factor V Leiden), antithrombin III deficiency, protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency

- Major surgery with prolonged immobilization (see section 4.4)

- High risk of venous thromboembolism due to the presence of multiple risk factors (see section 4.4)

• Presence or risk of arterial thromboembolism (ATE)

- Arterial thromboembolism - current or previous arterial thromboembolism (e.g. myocardial infarction) or prodromal conditions (e.g. angina pectoris)

- Cerebrovascular disease - current or previous stroke or prodromal conditions (e.g. transient ischaemic attack (TIA))

- Known hereditary or acquired predisposition to arterial thromboembolism, such as hyperhomocysteinaemia and antiphospholipid antibodies (anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant)

- History of migraine with focal neurological symptoms

- High risk of arterial thromboembolism due to the presence of multiple risk factors (see section 4.4) or the presence of a serious risk factor such as:

• diabetes mellitus with vascular symptoms

• severe hypertension

• severe dyslipoproteinemia

• current or previous severe liver disease, until liver function values return to normal

• severe or acute renal failure

• existing or previous liver tumors (benign or malignant)

• Known or suspected malignant diseases, dependent on sex steroids (e.g. of the genital organs or the breast)

• undiagnosed vaginal bleeding

• hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.

04.4 Special warnings and appropriate precautions for use

Warnings

• If any of the conditions or risk factors mentioned below are present, the suitability of Yasmin should be discussed with the woman.

• If any of these risk factors or conditions worsen or first appear, the woman should contact her doctor to determine if the use of Yasmin should be discontinued.

• In the event of a suspected or confirmed VTE or ATE, the use of COCs should be discontinued. If anticoagulant therapy is initiated, suitable contraception should be used due to the teratogenicity associated with anticoagulant therapy (coumarins).

• Circulatory disorders

Risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE)

The use of any combined hormonal contraceptive (COC) results in an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared with no use. Products that contain levonorgestrel, norgestimate or norethisterone are associated with a lower risk of VTE. The risk associated with others. products such as Yasmin can also be twofold. The decision to use a product other than those associated with a lower risk of VTE should only be made after discussions with the woman to ensure that she understands the risk of VTE associated with Yasmin, the way where your current risk factors influence that risk and the fact that the risk of developing a VTE is highest in the first year of use. There is also some evidence that the risk increases when taking a COC is resumed after a break of 4 or more weeks.

About 2 in 10,000 women who do not use a CHC and who are not pregnant will develop a VTE over a period of one year. In a single woman, however, the risk can be much higher, depending on her underlying risk factors (see below).

It is estimated that out of 10,000 women who use a CHC containing drospirenone, between 9 and 12 will develop a VTE in one year; this compares with about 6 women using a COC containing levonorgestrel.

In both cases, the number of VTEs per year is less than the number expected in pregnancy or in the postpartum period.

VTE can be fatal in 1-2% of cases.

Number of VTE events per 10,000 women in one year

Very rarely, thrombosis has been reported in CHC users in other blood vessels, e.g. hepatic, mesenteric, renal or retinal veins and arteries.

Risk factors for VTE

The risk of venous thromboembolic complications in CHC users may increase substantially if additional risk factors are present, especially if there are more than one risk factors (see table).

Yasmin is contraindicated if a woman has multiple risk factors that increase her risk of venous thrombosis (see section 4.3). If a woman has more than one risk factor, it is possible that the increased risk is greater than the sum of the individual factors; in this case her total risk of VTE should be considered. If the benefit-risk ratio is considered to be negative, a COC should not be prescribed (see section 4.3).

Table: Risk factors for VTE

Risk factor Comment Obesity (body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg / m2) The risk increases considerably as the BMI increases. Particularly important to consider if other risk factors are also present. Prolonged immobilization, major surgery, any type of leg and pelvis surgery, neurosurgery or major trauma Note: Temporary immobilization, including air travel lasting> 4 hours, can also be a risk factor for VTE, especially in women with other risk factors In these situations it is advisable to stop using the patch / pill / ring (in case of elective surgery at least four weeks earlier) and not restart it until two weeks after complete resumption of mobility. To avoid unwanted pregnancy, another method of contraception must be used. If Yasmin has not been discontinued earlier, antithrombotic treatment should be considered. Positive family history (venous thromboembolism in a sibling or parent, especially at a relatively young age, i.e. before age 50). If a hereditary predisposition is suspected, the woman should be referred to a specialist for advice before deciding to take any COCs. Other medical conditions associated with VTE Cancer, systemic lupus erythematosus, hemolytic uremic syndrome, chronic inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) and sickle cell anemia. Old age Particularly above the age of 35

There is no agreement on the possible role of varicose veins and superficial thrombophlebitis in the onset and progression of venous thrombosis.

The increased risk of thromboembolism in pregnancy, particularly the 6-week period of the puerperium, must be considered (for information on "Pregnancy and lactation" see section 4.6).

Symptoms of VTE (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism)

If symptoms of this type occur, women should seek immediate medical attention and inform them that they are taking a CHC.

Symptoms of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can include:

- unilateral swelling of the leg and / or foot or along a vein in the leg;

- pain or tenderness in the leg which may only be felt when standing or walking;

- increased sensation of heat in the affected leg; skin on the leg that is red or discolored.

Symptoms of pulmonary embolism (PE) can include:

- sudden and unexplained onset of shortness of breath and rapid breathing;

- sudden cough which may be associated with hemoptysis;

- sharp pain in the chest;

- severe light headedness or dizziness;

- rapid or irregular heartbeat.

Some of these symptoms (such as "shortness of breath" and "cough") are non-specific and may be misinterpreted as more common or less serious events (eg respiratory tract infections).

Other signs of vascular occlusion may include: sudden pain, swelling or a pale blue discoloration of one "extremity.

If the occlusion takes place in the eye, symptoms can range from painless blurring of vision to loss of vision. Sometimes vision loss occurs almost immediately.

Risk of arterial thromboembolism (ATE)

Epidemiological studies have associated the use of CHCs with an increased risk of arterial thromboembolism (myocardial infarction) or cerebrovascular accidents (eg transient ischemic attack, stroke). Arterial thromboembolic events can be fatal.

Risk factors of ATE

The risk of arterial thromboembolic complications or a cerebrovascular accident in CHC users increases in the presence of risk factors (see table). Yasmin is contraindicated if a woman has one serious risk factor or multiple risk factors for ATE that increase her risk of arterial thrombosis (see section 4.3). If a woman has more than one risk factor, it is possible that the increase in risk is greater than the sum of the individual factors; in this case her total risk should be considered. If the benefit-risk balance is believed to be negative, a CHC should not be prescribed (see section 4.3).

Table: Risk factors of ATE

Risk factor Comment Old age Particularly above the age of 35 Smoke Women should be advised not to smoke if they wish to use a CHC. Women over the age of 35 who continue to smoke should be strongly advised to use a different method of contraception. Hypertension Obesity (body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg / m2) The risk increases considerably as the BMI increases. Especially important in women with other risk factors. Positive family history (arterial thromboembolism in a sibling or parent, especially at a relatively young age, i.e. before age 50). If a hereditary predisposition is suspected, the woman should be referred to a specialist for advice before deciding to take any COCs. Migraine An increase in migraine frequency or severity during CHC use (which may be prodromal of a cerebrovascular event) may be a reason for immediate discontinuation. Other medical conditions associated with adverse vascular events Diabetes mellitus, hyperhomocysteinemia, atrial valvulopathy and fibrillation, dyslipoproteinemia and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Symptoms of ATE

If symptoms of this type occur, women must contact a healthcare professional immediately and inform them that they are taking a CHC.

Symptoms of a cerebrovascular accident can include:

• sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body;

• sudden difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination;

• sudden confusion, difficulty speaking or understanding;

• sudden difficulty seeing in one or both eyes;

• sudden, severe or prolonged migraine with no known cause;

• loss of consciousness or fainting with or without convulsions.

Temporary symptoms suggest it is a transient ischemic attack (TIA).

Symptoms of myocardial infarction (MI) can include:

• pain, discomfort, pressure, heaviness, sensation of squeezing or fullness in the chest, arm or below the breastbone;

• discomfort radiating to the back, jaw, throat, arms, stomach;

• feeling of fullness, indigestion or choking;

• sweating, nausea, vomiting or dizziness;

• extreme weakness, anxiety or shortness of breath;

• rapid or irregular heartbeats.

• Tumors

An increased risk of cervical cancer in COC users for long periods (> 5 years) has been reported in some epidemiological studies, but it is still controversial to what extent this finding is attributable to confounding effects of sexual behavior and other factors such as human papilloma virus (HPV).

A meta-analysis of 54 epidemiological studies found that women currently using COCs have a slightly higher relative risk (RR = 1.24) of having breast cancer diagnosed. The excess risk gradually disappears over the 10 years following discontinuation of COCs. Because breast cancer is rare in women under the age of 40, the extra number of breast cancers diagnosed in women using or who have recently used COCs is small in relation to the overall risk of breast cancer. . Such studies provide no evidence of a causal relationship. The observed increased risk may be due to an earlier diagnosis of breast cancer in COC users, the biological effects of COCs, or a combination of both. Breast cancer diagnosed in COC users combined tends to be less clinically advanced than that diagnosed in women who have never used them.

Benign liver tumors and, even more rarely, malignant liver tumors have been reported rarely in women taking COCs. In isolated cases, these tumors have resulted in life-threatening intra-abdominal haemorrhages. If a woman taking a combined oral contraceptive develops severe upper abdominal pain, liver enlargement, or signs suggestive of intra-abdominal haemorrhage, the possibility of liver cancer should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

With the use of higher-dosed COCs (50 mcg ethinylestradiol) the risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer is reduced. Whether this also applies to lower-dosed COCs remains to be confirmed.

• Other conditions

The progestogen component of Yasmin is an aldosterone antagonist with potassium sparing properties. In most cases, no increases in potassium levels are to be expected. In a clinical study, however, in some patients with mild renal impairment. taking concomitant potassium-sparing medicinal products, serum potassium levels are increased slightly, but not significantly, during administration of drospirenone. Therefore, it is recommended that serum potassium be monitored during the first course of treatment in patients presenting renal insufficiency and have a pre-treatment serum potassium value in the upper part of the reference range, particularly if they are taking potassium-sparing medicines at the same time. See also section 4.5.

Women with hypertriglyceridaemia or a family history of the condition may have an increased risk of pancreatitis when using COCs.

Although a small increase in blood pressure has been reported in many women taking COCs, a clinically relevant increase is rare. Only in these rare cases is an immediate discontinuation of COCs justified. If, during the use of a COC in a patient with pre-existing hypertension, blood pressure values are consistently elevated or a significant increase in blood pressure does not occur. responds adequately to antihypertensive therapy, the COC should be discontinued. If deemed appropriate, COC use may be resumed if blood pressure has normalized following antihypertensive therapy.

The onset or aggravation of the following conditions has been reported both during pregnancy and while taking COCs: jaundice and / or itching due to cholestasis, gallstone formation, porphyria, systemic lupus erythematosus, haemolytic uremic syndrome, chorea Sydenham's, herpes gestationis, otosclerosis hearing loss; however, there is no conclusive evidence of a correlation between these conditions and the use of COCs.

In women with hereditary angioedema, exogenous estrogens can induce or aggravate the symptoms of angioedema.

Acute or chronic disturbances of liver function may require discontinuation of COC treatment until liver function indices have returned to normal. previous treatment with sex steroids requires discontinuation of the combined oral contraceptive.

Although COCs may have an effect on peripheral insulin resistance and glucose tolerance, there is no evidence for the need to change the treatment regimen in diabetic patients using low-dose combined oral contraceptives (containing

Worsening of endogenous depression, epilepsy, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis has been reported during COC use.

Chloasma may occasionally occur, especially in women with a history of chloasma gravidarum. Women with a tendency to chloasma should avoid exposure to the sun or ultraviolet rays while using COCs.

This medicinal product contains 46 mg of lactose per tablet. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption who are on a lactose-free diet should take this rate into account.

Medical examination / visits

Before initiating or resuming use of Yasmin, a complete medical history (including family history) should be taken and pregnancy should be ruled out. Blood pressure should be measured and a clinical examination, guided by contraindications, should be performed (see section 4.3) and warnings (see section 4.4). It is important to draw a woman's attention to information relating to venous or arterial thrombosis, including the risk associated with Yasmin compared to other CHCs, symptoms of VTE and ATE, risk factors note and what to do in case of suspected thrombosis.

The woman should also be advised of the need to read the package leaflet carefully and follow its advice. The frequency and type of examinations should be based on established guidelines and should be adapted to the individual woman.

Women should be advised that hormonal contraceptives do not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) or other sexually transmitted diseases.

Reduced effectiveness

The efficacy of COCs may decrease in case of missed tablet intake (see section 4.2), gastrointestinal disturbances (see section 4.2) or concomitant administration of other medicinal products (see section 4.5).

Reduced cycle control

Irregular vaginal bleeding (spotting or breakthrough bleeding) may occur with all COCs, especially in the first months of use. Therefore, evaluation of any irregular bleeding is meaningful only after a settling period of approximately three treatment cycles.

If irregular bleeding persists or occurs after previously regular cycles, a non-hormonal etiology should be considered and adequate diagnostic measures should be implemented to rule out malignancy or pregnancy. Such measures may include curettage.

In some women, withdrawal bleeding may not occur during the tablet-free days. If the COC has been taken according to the directions given in section 4.2, it is unlikely that the woman is pregnant. However, if the COC has not been taken according to directions prior to the first missed withdrawal bleed, or if two withdrawal bleeds have not occurred, pregnancy must be ruled out before COC use is continued.

04.5 Interactions with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

Note: The information in the Summary of Product Characteristics of concomitant medicinal products should be consulted to identify possible interactions.

• Effects of other medicines on Yasmin

Interactions may occur with drugs that induce microsomal enzymes resulting in increased clearance of sex hormones and which can cause breakthrough bleeding and / or contraceptive failure.

Management

Enzyme induction can already be observed after a few days of treatment. Maximal enzyme induction is generally observed within a few weeks. After discontinuation of therapy, enzyme induction may persist for approximately 4 weeks.

Short-term treatment

Women undergoing enzyme inducer treatments should temporarily use a barrier method or another method of contraception in addition to the combined oral contraceptive. The barrier method should be used for the entire period of concomitant drug intake and for 28 days following discontinuation of therapy. If therapy continues after the end of the active tablets of the COC pack, the placebo tablets should be discarded and the next COC pack started.

Long-term treatment

For women undergoing long-term treatment with hepatic enzyme inducers, another reliable, non-hormonal method of contraception is recommended.

The following interactions have been reported in the literature.

Substances increasing the clearance of COCs (decreased efficacy of COCs by enzyme inducers)

Barbiturates, bosentan, carbamazepine, phenytoin, primidone, rifampicin, the HIV drug ritonavir, nevirapine and efavirenz and possibly also felbamate, griseofulvin, oxycarbazepine, topiramate and products containing "St. John's wort" (Hypericum perforatum).

Substances with variable effect on the clearance of COCs

When co-administered with COCs, combinations of HIV protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, including combinations with HCV inhibitors, may increase or decrease plasma concentrations of estrogen or progestogen. The net effect of these changes in some cases may be clinically relevant.

Consequently, prescribing information regarding HIV / HCV concomitant medications should be consulted to identify potential interactions and any related recommendations. If in doubt, the woman undergoing therapy with protease inhibitors or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors should use a barrier method of contraception.

The major metabolites of drospirenone in human plasma are produced without the involvement of the cytochrome P450 system. Inhibitors of this enzyme system are unlikely to affect the metabolism of drospirenone.

• Effects of Yasmin on other medicines

Oral contraceptives can affect the metabolism of some active ingredients. Consequently, plasma and tissue concentrations of these may increase (e.g. cyclosporine) or decrease (e.g. lamotrigine).

Based on inhibition studies in vitro and interaction studies in vivo performed in female volunteers using omeprazole, simvastatin and midazolam as marker substrates, an interaction of drospirenone at a dose of 3 mg with the metabolism of other active substances is unlikely.

• Other forms of interaction

In patients without renal insufficiency, concomitant use of drospirenone and ACE inhibitors or NSAIDs has not been shown to exert a significant effect on serum potassium. However, concomitant use of Yasmin with aldosterone antagonists or potassium-sparing diuretics did not In this case, serum potassium should be monitored during the first treatment cycle See also section 4.4.

• Laboratory tests

The use of contraceptive steroids can affect the results of some laboratory tests, including biochemical parameters relating to liver, thyroid, adrenal and renal function, plasma levels of (carrier) proteins, such as binding globulin. corticosteroids and lipid / lipoprotein fractions, parameters of glucose metabolism and parameters of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Changes generally remain within normal limits. Drospirenone causes an increase in plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone, due to of its weak antimineralocorticoid activity.

04.6 Pregnancy and breastfeeding

Pregnancy

Yasmin is not indicated during pregnancy.

In the event of pregnancy occurring while using Yasmin, the medicinal product must be discontinued immediately. Large epidemiological studies have shown neither increased risk of congenital malformations in children born to women who have used COCs before. of pregnancy, nor teratogenic effects in case of accidental intake of COCs during pregnancy.

Animal studies have shown undesirable effects during pregnancy and lactation (see section 5.3). Based on these animal data, undesirable effects due to the hormonal action of the active substances cannot be excluded. However, general clinical experience with COCs during pregnancy did not provide any evidence of a real adverse effect in man.

The available data on the use of Yasmin in pregnancy are too limited to draw any conclusions about the adverse effects of Yasmin on pregnancy or on the health of the fetus or newborn. To date, no relevant epidemiological data are available.

The increased risk of thromboembolism in the postpartum period should be considered when Yasmin is restarted (see sections 4.2. And 4.4).

Pregnancy

Lactation can be affected by COCs, as they can decrease the amount and change the composition of breast milk. Therefore, the use of COCs should not normally be recommended until weaning has been completed. Modest amounts of contraceptive steroids and / or their metabolites may be excreted in breast milk during contraceptive use. combined oral. These quantities can affect the baby.

04.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines

No studies on the ability to drive and use machines have been conducted. No effect on the ability to drive and use machines has been observed in COC users.

04.8 Undesirable effects

For serious undesirable effects in COC users see also section 4.4.

The following adverse reactions have been reported during the use of Yasmin:

System Organ Class (MedDRA) Frequency of adverse reactions Common ≥1 / 100, Uncommon ≥1 / 1,000, Rare ≥1 / 10,000, Disorders of the immune system hypersensitivity, asthma Psychiatric disorders depressed mood Increased libido, Decreased libido Nervous system disorders headache Ear and labyrinth disorders hearing loss Vascular pathologies migraine hypertension, hypotension Venous thromboembolism (VTE) Arterial thromboembolism (ATE) Gastrointestinal disorders nausea vomiting, diarrhea Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders acne, eczema, itching, alopecia erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme Diseases of the reproductive system and breast dysmenorrhea, intermenstrual bleeding, breast pain, breast tenderness, vaginal discharge, vulvovaginal candidiasis breast enlargement, vaginal infections mammary discharge General disorders and administration site conditions water retention, Body weight increase Body weight decrease

Description of some adverse reactions

An increased risk of arterial and venous thrombotic and thromboembolic events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attacks, venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism has been observed in CHC users, and this risk is discussed in more detail in section 4.4.

The following serious adverse reactions, discussed in section 4.4 "Special warnings and precautions for use", have been reported in COC users:

• venous thromboembolic disorders

• arterial thromboembolic disorders

• hypertension

• liver tumors

• onset or aggravation of conditions for which the association with the use of COCs is not demonstrated: Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, epilepsy, uterine myoma, porphyria, systemic lupus erythematosus, herpes gestationis, Sydenham's chorea, hemolytic-uremic, cholestatic jaundice

• chloasma

• chronic or acute disturbances of liver function may require discontinuation of COCs until liver function indices return to normal

• in women with hereditary angioedema, exogenous estrogens can induce or aggravate the symptoms of angioedema

The frequency of breast cancer diagnoses among COC users increased very slightly. Because breast cancer is rare in women under the age of 40, the extra number of cases is small compared to the overall risk of breast cancer. It is not known whether there is a causal link with COCs. For further information see sections 4.3 and 4.4.

Interactions

Interaction between oral contraceptives and other drugs (enzyme inducers) may cause breakthrough bleeding and / or contraception failure (see section 4.5).

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions occurring after authorization of the medicinal product is important as it allows continuous monitoring of the benefit / risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the national reporting system. "address https://www.aifa.gov.it/content/segnalazioni-reazioni-avverse.

04.9 Overdose

There is no experience of overdose with Yasmin. Based on general experience with COCs, symptoms that may occur in this case are: nausea, vomiting and, in young girls, mild vaginal bleeding. There is no antidote and treatment should be symptomatic.

05.0 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

05.1 Pharmacodynamic properties

Pharmacotherapeutic group (ATC): fixed estrogen-progestogen combinations.

ATC code: G03AA12.

Pearl index for method failure: 0.09 (upper bound of the bilateral 95% confidence interval: 0.32).

Overall Pearl Index (method failure + patient error): 0.57 (upper limit of the bilateral 95% confidence interval: 0.90).

The contraceptive effect of Yasmin is based on the interaction of various factors, the most important of which are the inhibition of ovulation and the changes that occur in the endometrium.

Yasmin is a combined oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol and the progestin drospirenone. At the therapeutic dose, drospirenone also possesses antiandrogenic properties and weak antimineralocorticoid properties. It is devoid of estrogenic, glucocorticoid and antiglucocorticoid activity. This gives drospirenone a similar pharmacological profile to that of natural progesterone.

Data from clinical studies indicate that Yasmin's weak antimineralocorticoid properties result in a weak antimineralocorticoid effect.

05.2 Pharmacokinetic properties

• Drospirenone

Absorption

After oral administration, drospirenone is rapidly and almost completely absorbed. The maximum concentration of active ingredient in the serum of about 38 ng / ml is reached 1-2 hours after a single intake. Bioavailability is between 76 and 85%.

The concomitant ingestion of food has no influence on the bioavailability of drospirenone.

Distribution

After oral administration, serum drospirenone levels decrease with a terminal half-life of 31 hours. Drospirenone binds to serum albumin, but not to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) or corticoid-binding globulin (CBG). Only 3-5% of the total concentration of the active ingredient in the serum is present in the form of free steroid. The ethinylestradiol-induced increase in SHBG does not affect the serum protein binding of drospirenone. The mean apparent volume of distribution of drospirenone is 3.7 ± 1.2 L / kg.

Biotransformation

After oral administration, drospirenone is completely metabolised. The major metabolites in plasma are the acid form of drospirenone, produced by the opening of the lactone ring, and 4,5-dihydro-drospirenone-3-sulfate, both produced without involvement of the P450 system. Drospirenone is metabolised to a lesser extent by cytochrome P450 3A4 and has been shown to inhibit in vitro this enzyme and the cytochromes P450 1A1, P450 2C9 and P450 2C19.

Elimination

The metabolic clearance of drospirenone in serum is 1.5 ± 0.2 ml / min / kg. Drospirenone is eliminated in unchanged form only in trace amounts. The metabolites of drospirenone are excreted in the faeces and urine in a ratio of approximately 1.2-1.4. The half-life of metabolite excretion with urine and faeces is approximately 40 hours.

Steady state conditions

During a course of treatment, maximum steady-state serum concentrations of drospirenone of approximately 70 ng / mL are reached after approximately 8 days of treatment. An accumulation of drospirenone serum levels by a factor of approximately 3 occurs as a consequence of the relationship between the half-life and the interval between doses.

Special populations

Effect of impaired renal function

Steady-state serum drospirenone levels in women with mild renal impairment (creatinine clearance CLcr, 50-80 mL / min) are comparable to those in women with normal renal function. Serum levels of drospirenone are on average 37% higher in women with moderate renal impairment (CLcr, 30-50 mL / min) than in women with normal renal function. Drospirenone treatment is also well tolerated by women with mildly and moderately impaired renal function. Treatment with drospirenone shows no clinically significant effect on serum potassium concentration.

Effect of impaired liver function

In a single dose study in volunteers with moderate hepatic impairment, oral clearance (CL / F) was decreased by approximately 50% compared to that of patients with normal hepatic function. The reduction in clearance observed in volunteers with moderate hepatic impairment did not result in obvious differences in serum potassium concentrations. Even in the presence of diabetes and concomitant treatment with spironolactone (two factors that can predispose to hyperkalaemia), no increase in serum potassium above the upper limit of normal has been observed. It can be concluded that drospirenone is well tolerated in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B).

Ethnic groups

No relevant differences in the pharmacokinetics of drospirenone or ethinylestradiol were observed between Japanese and Caucasian women.

• Ethinylestradiol

Absorption

After ingestion, ethinylestradiol is rapidly and completely absorbed. After administration of 30 mcg, the peak plasma concentration of 100 pg / ml is reached 1-2 hours after ingestion. Ethinylestradiol undergoes a marked first pass effect showing great inter-individual variability. Absolute bioavailability is approximately 45%.

Distribution

Ethinylestradiol has an apparent volume of distribution of 5 L / kg and plasma protein binding of approximately 98%. Ethinylestradiol induces hepatic synthesis of SHBG and CBG. During treatment with 30 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol, the plasma concentration of SHBG increases from 70 to approximately 350 nmol / l.

Ethinylestradiol passes in small quantities into breast milk (0.02% of the dose).

Biotransformation

Ethinylestradiol is completely metabolised (plasma metabolic clearance 5 ml / min / kg).

Elimination

Ethinylestradiol is not eliminated in unchanged form to any significant extent. Ethinylestradiol metabolites are eliminated at a urine / bile ratio of 4: 6. The half-life of excretion of metabolites is approximately 1 day. The half-life of elimination is 20 hours.

Steady state conditions

Steady-state conditions are reached during the second half of a treatment cycle and serum ethinylestradiol levels accumulate by a factor of approximately 1.4 to 2.1.

05.3 Preclinical safety data

In laboratory animals the effects of drospirenone and ethinylestradiol are limited to those associated with their recognized pharmacological activity. In particular, reproductive toxicity studies have shown embryotoxic and foetotoxic effects in animals which are considered species-specific. At exposures above those occurring in Yasmin users, effects on sexual differentiation were observed in rat fetuses, but not in monkeys.