, that is, the lower tract of the female genital tract.
Normally, in women of reproductive age, lactobacilli are the predominant constituents of the vaginal microbial flora. Colonization by these bacteria is normally protective, as it keeps the vaginal pH at normal values (between 3.8 and 4.2) and prevents the excessive growth of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the high levels of estrogen maintain the thickness. of the vaginal mucosa, strengthening local defenses.
Non-infectious causes account for approximately 30% of cases of vulvovaginitis.
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The causes that can determine its onset are various. These include infections, irritative reactions, hormonal alterations and other situations that contribute to altering the vaginal ecosystem, making it more vulnerable.
Symptoms of vulvovaginitis are usually burning, itching, erythema, edema, and tenderness, often associated with vaginal discharge. Vaginal and vulvar irritation can worsen with sexual intercourse and the habit of excessive intimate hygiene.
The diagnosis of vulvovaginitis is made by physical examination and analysis of vaginal secretions. Treatment is directed at the triggering cause, symptom control, and correction of hygiene habits.
Notes on anatomy
The lower tract of the female genital tract consists of:
- Vulva: region surrounding the access to the vagina; it is formed by the clitoris, large and small labia, hymen, external orifice of the urethra, Bartholin's glands and vaginal vestibule.
- Vagina: Muscle-membranous duct, approximately eight to ten centimeters long, which extends from the vulva (vestibule of the vagina) to the cervix (neck of the uterus). In other words, the vagina connects the lowest portion of the uterus to the external genital organs.
Normally, in women of reproductive age, lactobacilli are the predominant constituents of the vaginal microbial flora. Colonization by these bacteria is normally protective, as it keeps the vaginal pH at normal values (between 3.8 and 4.2) and prevents the excessive growth of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the high levels of estrogen maintain the thickness. of the vaginal mucosa, strengthening local defenses.
Non-infectious causes account for approximately 30% of cases of vulvovaginitis.
