Transaminases

PATHOLOGY

The sensitivity and ease of the dosage methods has increased the interest in the variations that this enzyme presents not only in the total activity, but also in the manifestation of heterogeneity in the various organic liquids. Renal disease has also been found to have no "decisive influence" on the total gamma-GT activity in serum, despite the high concentration of the enzyme in the kidney, and elevated gamma-GT values ​​in serum have been found human are essentially attributable to liver or pancreatic diseases. Confirmation of this was also obtained from the study of the various molecular forms.
This enzyme is increased in the presence of the following pathologies:

Diseases of the biliary tract

Biliary obstruction due to the presence of a stone (cholestasis) or in the absence of a stone (rare): it is the most frequent cause of increase in this enzyme

Alcoholic liver disease: the serum concentration of Gamma-GT, in this case, is notably increased, coming to constitute about 10% of the total

Hepatitis

Cirrhosis of the liver

Hepatic neoplasms

Pancreatitis: given the high concentration of Gamma-GT in the pancreas, it can be explained how, following chronic pancreatitis, an increase in the quantity of this enzyme may occur in the serum due to probable intraductal obstruction (of the organ ducts carrying pancreatic juice in the duodenum) or cell necrosis

Acute kidney disease: in this case, the gamma-GT value in serum remains normal, while in urine it increases

Myocardial infarction: after a heart attack, Gamma-GT may be increased even in cases where there is no evidence of concomitant liver damage. However, it has been seen that, in the heart muscle, the activity of Gamma-GT is very low; a probable explanation can then be had if we consider the possibility that the increased production of the enzyme in the heart after a heart attack may be due to or to reparative processes or to a local increase in white blood cells or to the proliferation of endothelial cells (vessels)

Drugs and Toxics: Elevations in the concentration of Gamma-GT can be observed during the administration of some drugs such as diphenylhydantoin and barbiturates, as well as all drugs that can cause cholestasis. Furthermore, this enzyme is particularly sensitive to the action of alcohol, which can therefore reveal the initial hepatotoxicity.

Alkaline phosphatase (FA)

It is an enzyme synthesized by bone tissue, intestine, kidney and, to a lesser extent, hepatocytes. The elevation of its serum concentration indicates cholestasis.

Ornithyl carbamyl transferase (OCT)

Overall, its behavior is similar to that of transaminases, with respect to which it is however less sensitive as an indication of acute or chronic hepatocellular damage and, for this reason, it is not frequently dosed. Its normal values ​​are between 8 and 20 mU / ml.

Aldolase

An increase in Aldolase has a similar significance to that of transaminases, with respect to which it would be a more faithful index of the presence of a necrotic phenomenon and its extension. It also increases the course of liver tumors, progressive muscular dystrophy, myocardial infarction, haemolytic anemia and very extensive tumors. Normal values ​​are between 0.9 and 6.5 mU / ml

Other articles on "Transaminase Ornithyl Carbamyl Transferase Alkaline Phosphatase Aldolase"

1. LDH transaminase - lactic dehydrogenase - and Gamma-GT
2. Transaminases
3. Transaminases: GOT - AST - GTP - ALT