Also thanks to the presence of a deep groove between them, the two cerebral hemispheres are distinguished in right cerebral hemisphere and left cerebral hemisphere; the cerebral hemispheres are only apparently symmetrical: under the microscopic and functional profile, in fact, they are extremely different.
Each cerebral hemisphere has an outer layer of gray matter, called the cerebral cortex (or neocortex), and a deeper component, including both white matter and gray matter, generically called the subcortical component.
Through the cerebral cortex and the subcortical component, the cerebral hemispheres control fundamental mental-cognitive functions, such as voluntary movements, sensory abilities, language, memory, learning, etc.
A vital organ, the brain takes its place in the skull, above other brain components equally important for life, such as the diencephalon, the brainstem and the cerebellum.
and the other in the left half; as a logical consequence of this arrangement, the cerebral hemisphere located on the right is called the right cerebral hemisphere, while the cerebral hemisphere located on the left is called the left cerebral hemisphere.As will be seen later, the distinction of the cerebral hemispheres into the right and left is important not only from the anatomical point of view, but also from the functional point of view.
The cerebral hemispheres develop antero-posterior (or ventro-dorsal), with the base oriented downwards and the curvature upwards.
As anticipated, to divide the "right cerebral hemisphere from the" left cerebral hemisphere c "is a deep and evident groove: arranged in such a way as to run through the brain in an antero-posterior direction, this groove is the so-called median longitudinal fissure (NB: the term longitudinal is a reference to its antero-posterior course).
The median longitudinal fissure is also known because along it descends an "important reflection fold of the dura mater, called the cerebral sickle.
Each cerebral hemisphere has an outer layer of gray matter (neurons without myelin), called the cerebral cortex (or neocortex), and an inner, deeper component, including both white matter (neurons wrapped in a layer of myelin) and of gray matter, generically called subcortical component.
If it is true that the cerebral hemispheres are separated by the median longitudinal fissure, it is equally true that there are, at their base, some junction structures, also important for the exchange of information, which take the generic name of interhemispheric commissures.
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