Generality
The negative effects of alcohol on pregnancy are now well known and documented.
Although the majority of this damage is related to the "ingestion of large quantities of alcohol, there is no" safe "dose that can be taken without risk.
Harm of Alcohol in Pregnancy
The children of mothers who have had serious problems with alcoholism during pregnancy are subject to a typical syndrome, characterized by dysfunctions of the nervous system (up to a mere mental retardation), growth and immune deficiencies, but also real morphogenetic alterations (Even the aesthetics of the face are seriously compromised). Alcohol, which passes the placental barrier without any problem and quickly reaches the structures most sensitive to its toxicity, has a teratogenic action; as such, it can produce developmental alterations fetal and damage to various organs and functions.
In this regard, doctors speak of SAF, an acronym for Fetal Alcoholic Syndrome (or alcoholic embryo-fetopathy), which can manifest itself with various levels of severity, therefore with nuanced or more or less severe symptoms.
Is There a Safe Dose of Alcohol?
Although the incidence of this characteristic clinical picture, including the less evident forms, is found in more than half of alcoholic mothers, it is not yet clear what is the exact influence of the extent of alcoholism on the development of the syndrome. A dose of 30 grams of alcohol taken daily for all the first 90 days of pregnancy (eg 300 ml of wine per day or 600 ml of beer) seems to represent, in this sense, an 11% risk factor. this first period, the fetus is in fact particularly at risk, because it is subject to intense phenomena of cell proliferation and specialization. Even the consumption of small quantities of alcohol could therefore cause serious damage to the unborn child, given that there is a genetic susceptibility with an individual threshold of different danger from subject to subject.
Alcohol in the 2nd and 3rd Quarter
As mentioned, it is best not to drink alcohol when you are pregnant, especially in the first trimester.
Subsequently, if the mother cannot give it up even after receiving support in the structures specialized in care and help, she should try to limit the doses as much as possible, taking alcohol only during meals and in any case without exceeding a glass of wine or can of beer a day. Consuming large quantities of alcohol in the second half of pregnancy, in fact, while not causing a fetal alcoholic syndrome with classic facial dimorphism, can cause serious and permanent neuronal damage to the unborn child, with consequent psychomotor retardation. Immediately after birth. in addition, the newborn may have withdrawal symptoms characterized by restlessness, vomiting, tremors, hyperreflexia and convulsions.
Smoking and the abuse of drugs and anxiolytics contribute to aggravate the clinical manifestations associated with the heavy consumption of alcohol during pregnancy.
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