What is Synephrine
Synephrine is a "sympathomimetic amine commonly used for slimming purposes and extracted from the immature fruit of Citrus aurantium (bitter orange). We speak of amine because this substance contains a nitrogen atom, and of sympathomimetics because it causes reactions similar to those regulated by the sympathetic nervous system: stimulating, exciting and contracting.
Property
Alternative to ephedrine
Indeed, ephedrine and synephrine are very similar from a chemical point of view, but while the slimming properties of the former are well known and documented, there is less evidence on the thermogenic action of synephrine.
Mechanism of slimming action
We know that synephrine interacts with adrenergic B3 receptors, located mainly in brown adipose tissue.
As is now known to most people, brown adipose tissue acts as a kind of boiler, which burns fat for the sole purpose of producing heat (its concentrations increase in the animal exposed to the cold), or getting rid of an energy surplus with the aim to maintain the homeostasis of the body weight, since the excess of fat would not facilitate the escape from a lion ... Unfortunately, however, this anti-obesity fat is present in significant concentrations only in children and in some individuals; this would explain why the studies that have demonstrated the slimming properties of synephrine in experimental animals have not found confirmation in randomized clinical trials.
In rats, synephrine is able to cause an increase in thermogenesis accompanied by a significant reduction in food intake and body weight. inhibitor of synephrine on the synthesis of cyclic AMP, a molecule involved in the oxidation (use for energy purposes) of fats. Synephrine also seems unable to interact with the B2 receptors, towards which ephedrine is active (these receptors are considered the most important for reducing fat in humans).
According to the Ministry of Health, the intake of synephrine must not exceed 30 mg / day, corresponding to 800 mg of Citrus aurantium titrated to 4% in synephrine.
Compared to synephrine alone, the potential weight loss effects of a complete extract of Citrus aurantium which contains it in the same quantities, are much higher due to the synergistic effect of other substances, first of all octopamine.
Synephrine in the Stacks
Synephrine produces a synergistic effect with thyroxine, caffeine, ephedrine, yohimbine, theine and other sympathomimetic active ingredients, often mixed together to obtain a more marked thermogenetic and anorectic effect (in Italy the sale of ephedrine is prohibited, while thyroxine cannot be used for slimming purposes due to the serious side effects).
Side effects
Both alone, and even more so within these stacks, synephrine causes a slight increase in blood pressure and heart rate; for this reason, the use of synephrine is contraindicated in the presence of heart disease and / or hypertension. During pregnancy, breastfeeding and under 12 years, the use of products containing synephrine is not recommended.
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