What is Silymarin
Silymarin is a mixture consisting mainly of three substances: silybin (also called silibinin), silicristin and silidianina. This complex of flavonolignans is found in various plants, especially in milk thistle, where "it is originally present in the ratio 3: 1: 1 (silybin is therefore considered the most important component from a quantitative and qualitative point of view).
Silymarin is not present in milk thistle leaves, but is concentrated in the seeds and protein layer of the outer surface of the fruit.
Silymarin and Health
Health properties of silymarin
The importance of milk thistle has long been known in the phytotherapeutic field, where it is traditionally used to improve the health and functionality of the liver.
The hepatoprotective effects of silymarin have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo, exposing animals to toxic substances capable of inducing liver damage, such as ethanol (alcohol), phalloidin (characteristic poison of mushrooms belonging to the genus Amanita), carbon tetrachloride, paracetamol and thioacetamide.
In this way, scholars were able to appreciate the protective efficacy of silymarin and investigate its various mechanisms of action, attributable above all to its ability to increase the synthesis of liver proteins and to inhibit that of inflammatory mediators and free radicals.
Silymarin is absorbed orally and excreted via the bile, with a half-life of approximately 6 hours.
In the medical field it is used successfully as an adjuvant in the treatment of hepatitis, chronic cirrhosis, liver poisoning and in case of poisoning due to Amanita Phalloides. In sports it is recommended as a detoxifying product to be taken to limit the hepatotoxic effects of oral anabolic steroids.
How to use
Since silymarin is insoluble in water, if you want to fully enjoy the hepatoprotective and detoxifying properties of milk thistle, it is advisable to use standardized preparations, sold in the form of sugar tablets or capsules, rather than herbal teas. Dosages on average between 200 and 1000 mg of silymarin per day have been used in the various clinical studies.
Side effects
From the various clinical tests no particular negative or toxic effects have emerged, even at high dosages. However, the laxative properties of silymarin are known, which appear when it is taken in high doses, probably due to its positive stimulus on synthesis and bile flow. Other minor undesirable effects have been reported in the literature, especially at the gastrointestinal level (nausea, swelling, dyspepsia).
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