See also: Escin and Escin Beta-sitosterol in cosmetics
Escin is the mixture of saponins extractable from the seeds (13%), from the bark (1%) and from the leaves (0.2%) of horse chestnut, to which it confers the known medicinal properties. Not surprisingly, the various extracts of Horse chestnut are standardized precisely in aescin, and indicate its percentage content on the label to facilitate its dosage; on the market, it is also possible to find this isolated fraction of triterpene glycosides, defined precisely as aescin, but at the same dose it guarantees a therapeutic effect lower than " total extract.
Horse chestnut increases the resistance of the capillaries and reduces their permeability; it therefore exerts an anti-edema action, supported by the ability to intervene on the local electrolytic exchange, favoring the removal of accumulated interstitial liquids. This capillarotropic and drainage action, together with anti-inflammatory properties and a mild antithrombotic activity, make horse chestnut extracts standardized in escin indicated in the presence of peripheral venous insufficiency disorders (swelling, heaviness, pain, itching, etc.), varices and postphlebitic syndromes, hemorrhoids, cellulite and capillary fragility.
In fact, the phytocomplex recognizes other active molecules with proven anti-inflammatory action, such as elucoside (coumarin glycoside), and antioxidant, such as flavonoids (quercetin and kampferol) and procyanidins.
Escin is also contained in some medical specialties, such as Essaven gel ® ointment, which contains it (1%), together with sodium heparin (10,000 IU / 100g) and phosphatidylcholine (0.8%). to avoid local irritation phenomena, often encountered when escin is used externally in concentrations higher than 1% and in the absence of anti-inflammatory or cholesterol derivatives. For internal use, however, high doses of escin can cause damage to the glomerulus and tubule renal; consequently its use, like horse chestnut extracts, is contraindicated in the presence of nephropathies or renal insufficiency.
In phytotherapy, for internal use, standardized extracts are used, in order to guarantee a daily dosage of about 100 mg of escin; normally this dose corresponds to 500-730 mg of extract, to be divided into two single intakes of 250-365 mg, in controlled-release formulas to avoid gastrointestinal disorders.
The medicinal indications of escin are the same as shown in the table on the side; it is in fact used, for external use (massage is important) or internal, in the treatment of various types of edema, varicose veins, hemorrhoids, cellulite, hematomas and bruises, thanks to the its ability to increase capillary resistance and decrease its permeability. Aescin is also indicated in the presence of chronic venous insufficiency, thanks to its anti-inflammatory and venotonic effects (it increases venous contractility, reducing the stagnation of blood in the lower limbs and favoring its return to the heart). Therefore, the standardized horse chestnut total extracts, and the aescin itself, can be helpful in the presence of swelling and a sense of heaviness, tiredness or itching in the legs.
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