The hormonal alterations that characterize menopause significantly change the nutritional needs and risks for women's health; the dietary planning in this period of life has precisely the objective of fully complying with all the necessary needs, and guaranteeing the woman a good general state of form.
typically female steroid gonadal acting systemically.One of the most important (and also best known) disorders related to estrogen deficiency is the alteration of bone calcification which, if neglected (or in the presence of other risk factors), can lead to osteoporosis: in order to prevent its onset It is possible to give postmenopausal women one hormone replacement therapy.
At this point, once hormonal homeostasis is guaranteed, it is essential to ensure that the synthesis / bone remodeling ratio is not altered due to a mineral (calcium - Ca) and / or vitamin (Calciferol - vitamin D) deficiency; by the way, the diet in menopause plays a fundamental role.
In menopause, the dietary requirement of calcium - a mineral essential for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite in the skeleton - is 1200-1500mg / day, while that of vit. D is 10microg / day.In this regard, it is advisable for women in transition to evaluate together with their doctor and / or nutrition specialist whether, in addition to the diet for menopause and exposure to sunlight - useful for the endogenous synthesis of vit. D - it is advisable to increase the intake of the mineral and calciferol through the intake of drugs or food supplements.
PLEASE NOTE
Estrogen replacement therapy (HRT) is recommended for the reduction of symptoms related to menopause and, as already mentioned, for the reduction of the risk of osteoporosis; however, it should be added that exogenous estrogens are also able to limit the increase in the incidence of endometrial (uterus) cancer that occurs in the case of progestogen-only HRT; however, some experiments have shown that estrogen hormone therapy administered massively and for a long time can significantly increase the risk of breast cancer incidence. This eventuality is influenced by numerous variables, including the presence of other risk factors such as hypertriglyceridemia (see above) and the density of estrogen receptors on breast tissue.
, to lipoproteins, therefore to cardiovascular risk. In fact, it is known that during the entire fertility period, estrogens play a sensibly protective role against blood vessels; these hormones act on the hepatic receptors of low density lipoproteins (LDL) favoring their removal from the bloodstream and promoting the preservation of a good cardiovascular system. However, as estrogen production decreases, a pathological increase in blood lipids may occur, consequently an increase in the risk of cardiovascular complications; in this regard, the diet in menopause must avoid:
- The increase in total blood cholesterol and especially LDL cholesterol
- The relative excessive weight gain of the visceral deposit (android type)
The diet in menopause must also consider that, as some studies show, one of the risk factors predisposing to breast cancer is represented by the "increase in blood triglycerides. This means that, in addition to limiting exogenous cholesterol and saturated fats to avoid "hypercholesterolemia, the type of food and the portions of foods with a prevalence of carbohydrates must also be carefully dosed; this is because the tendency to hyperglycemia favors the synthesis of triglycerides, significantly increasing the blood concentration.
: hot flashes, night sweats, insomnia, anxiety, irritability, mood alterations, memory impairment, reduced concentration and loss of sexual desire. However, the diet in menopause could positively assist drug therapy ensuring a good intake of plant estrogens or phytosterols. These molecules, already known for their ability to reduce intestinal absorption of cholesterol, can also simulate the estrogenic action at a systemic level, calming (more or less sensibly) the symptoms associated with menopause. Phytoestrogens are widely present in legumes (especially soy) and can also be found on the market in the form of food supplements (soy isoflavones, red clover, black cohosh)., concerns the need for iron (Fe); with the elimination of blood losses linked to the mucous flaking of the uterine endometrium, the iron intake drops from 18mg / day for the fertile woman to 10mg / day for the postmenopausal woman.
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