Active ingredients: Ramipril, Hydrochlorothiazide
Idroquark 2.5 mg + 12.5 mg tablets
Idroquark 5 mg +25 mg tablets
Indications Why is Idroquark used? What is it for?
Idroquark is a combination of two medicines called ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide.
Ramipril belongs to a group of medicines called "ACE inhibitors" (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors). It acts:
By decreasing the body's production of substances that can cause blood pressure to rise
Relaxing and widening your blood vessels
Making it easier for your heart to pump blood around your body
Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to a group of drugs called "thiazide diuretics" or oral diuretics. It works by increasing the amount of water (urine) that is produced. This lowers blood pressure
Idroquark is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). The two active ingredients work together to lower blood pressure. They are used in combination when treatment with one component alone does not work.
Contraindications When Idroquark should not be used
Do not take Idroquark
- If you are allergic to ramipril, hydrochlorothiazide or any of the other ingredients of this medicine
- If you are allergic (hypersensitive) to medicines similar to Idroquark (other ACE inhibitors or medicines derived from sulphonamide). Signs of an allergic reaction may be skin rashes, difficulty swallowing or breathing, swelling of the lips, face, throat or tongue
- If you have ever had a severe allergic reaction called 'angioedema'. These signs include itching, rash (hives), red spots on the hands, feet and throat, swelling of the throat and tongue, swelling around the eyes and lips, difficulty in breathing and swallowing.
- If you are on dialysis or have some other type of blood filtration. Depending on the machinery being used, Idroquark may not be suitable for you
- If you have severe liver problems
- If you have abnormal levels of salts (calcium, potassium, sodium) in your blood
- If you have kidney problems due to insufficient blood supply to the kidney (renal artery stenosis).
- During the last 6 months of pregnancy
- If you are breastfeeding
- If you have diabetes or impaired kidney function and you are being treated with a blood pressure lowering medicine containing aliskiren.
Do not take Idroquark if any of the above conditions apply. If you are not sure, ask your doctor before taking Idroquark.
Precautions for use What you need to know before taking Idroquark
Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking Idroquark:
- If you have heart, liver or kidney problems
- If you have lost a lot of salts or body fluids (due to being unwell such as vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating, or following a low-salt diet, or from taking oral diuretics for a long time or having underwent dialysis)
- If you are about to undergo treatment to reduce allergy to bee or wasp stings (desensitization)
- If you are about to undergo anesthesia which can be given for surgery or dental work. You may need to stop taking Idroquark the day before, ask your doctor for advice.
- If you have a high amount of potassium in your blood (shown in a blood test)
- If you have a vascular collagen disease such as scleroderma or systemic lupus erythematosus
- You should tell your doctor if you think you are (or might become) pregnant. Idroquark is not recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy and can cause serious harm to the baby after the first three months of pregnancy.
- If you are taking any of the following medicines used to treat high blood pressure:
- an 'angiotensin II' receptor antagonist (AIIRA) (also known as sartans - eg valsartan, telmisartan, irbesartan), particularly if you have diabetes-related kidney problems.
- aliskiren
Your doctor may check your kidney function, blood pressure, and the amount of electrolytes (such as potassium) in your blood at regular intervals. See also information under the heading "Do not take Idroquark".
Children and adolescents
Idroquark is not recommended for children and young people under the age of 18 because this medicine has never been used in this age group. If any of the above apply to you or you are not sure, ask your doctor before taking Idroquark.
Interactions Which drugs or foods can modify the effect of Idroquark
Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking, have recently taken or might take any other medicines.
This is because Idroquark can affect the way some other medicines work. Also some medicines can affect the way Idroquark works.
Tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following medicines. These medicines can interfere with Idroquark by altering its action:
- Medicines used to relieve pain and inflammation (e.g. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, indomethacin, aspirin)
- Medicines used to treat low blood pressure, shock, heart failure, asthma or allergies such as ephedrine, noradrenaline or adrenaline. Your doctor will need to check your blood pressure.
Tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following medicines. These medicines, when taken with Idroquark, can increase the likelihood of side effects:
- Medicines used to relieve pain and inflammation (e.g. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, indomethacin, aspirin)
- Medicines that can lower the amount of potassium in the blood. These include medicines for constipation, diuretics, amphotericin B (used in fungal infections) and ACTH (used to check if your adrenal glands are working properly)
- Medicines to treat cancer (chemotherapy)
- Medicines for heart problems, including heart beat problems
- Medicines to avoid organ rejection after transplantation such as cyclosporine
- Diuretics such as furosemide
- Medicines that can increase the amount of potassium in the blood such as spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride, potassium salts and heparin (used to thin the blood)
- Steroid medicines for the treatment of inflammation such as prednisolone
- Calcium supplements
- Allopurinol (used to lower the uric acid content in the blood)
- Procainamide (for heart beat problems)
- Cholestyramine (to reduce the amount of fat in the blood
- Carbamazepine (for the treatment of epilepsy)
- Heparin (to thin the blood)
- Vildagliptin (for the treatment of diabetes)
- Vildagliptin (for the treatment of diabetes)
- Trimethoprim and cotrimoxazole (for infections caused by bacteria)
- Temsirolimus (for cancer)
- Everolimus (to prevent rejection of grafts)
Tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following medicines. The way these medicines work can be influenced by Idroquark:
- Medicines for diabetes such as oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin. Idroquark can lower the amount of sugar in your blood. Check your blood sugar levels carefully when taking Idroquark.
- Lithium (for psychiatric problems). Idroquark can increase the amount of lithium in the blood. The level of lithium in your blood should be carefully checked by your doctor.
- Muscle relaxant drugs
- Quinine (for the treatment of malaria)
- Medicines that contain iodine, these can be used in the hospital before an X-ray or scan exam
- Penicillin (to treat infections)
- Medicines that thin the blood to be taken by mouth (oral anticoagulants) such as warfarin.
Your doctor may need to change your dose and / or take other precautions: If you are taking an angiotensin II receptor antagonist (AIIRA) or aliskiren (see also information under "Do not take Idroquark" and "Warnings and precautions")
If any of the above apply to you (or you are not sure), ask your doctor before taking Idroquark.
Checks
Tell your doctor or pharmacist before taking this medicine.
- If you are having a check for parathyroid function. Idroquark could alter the control results
- If you are a sportsman who has to carry out a doping control. Idroquark could give a positive result.
Idroquark with food and alcohol
- Drinking alcoholic beverages together with Idroquark can cause you to feel dizzy or lightheaded. If you want to know how much alcohol to drink while taking Idroquark, please discuss this with your doctor. In fact, alcohol increases the effects of blood pressure medications.
- Idroquark can be taken together or away from meals.
Warnings It is important to know that:
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Pregnancy
You should tell your doctor if you think you are (or might become) pregnant. You should not take Idroquark in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy and you should definitely not take it after the 13th week as its use could be harmful to the baby. If you become pregnant while taking Idroquark, please inform your doctor immediately. Switching to another drug should be made before planning a pregnancy.
Feeding time
You must not take Idroquark if you are breastfeeding.
Ask your doctor or pharmacist before taking any medicine.
Driving and using machines
You may feel dizzy while taking Idroquark. This is more likely when you have just started taking Idroquark or have just increased your dose. If this happens, do not drive or use any tools or machines.
Dose, Method and Time of Administration How to use Idroquark: Posology
Always take this medicine exactly as your doctor has told you. If in doubt, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
Taking this medicine
- Take the medicine by mouth at the same time of the day each day, usually in the morning.
- Swallow the tablets whole with liquid.
- Do not break the tablets or chew them.
How much do you have to take
Treatment of high blood pressure
Your doctor will adjust the amount you take until your blood pressure is under control.
Senior citizens
Your doctor will reduce the starting dose and adjust your treatment more slowly.
Overdose What to do if you have taken an overdose of Idroquark
If you take more Idroquark than you should
Tell your doctor or go to the emergency room of the nearest hospital. Do not drive to the hospital, have someone accompany you or call an ambulance. Take the box of medicine with you. This is because your doctor needs to know what you have hired.
Side Effects What are the side effects of Idroquark
Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.
Stop taking Idroquark and see your doctor immediately if you notice any serious side effects - you may need urgent medical treatment:
Swelling of the face, lips or throat that make it difficult to swallow or breathe, as well as itching or rash. This could be a sign of a severe allergic reaction to Idroquark.
Severe skin reactions including rash, mouth ulcers, worsening of a pre-existing skin condition, redness, blistering and peeling of the skin (such as Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis or erythema multiforme).
Tell your doctor immediately if you experience:
Faster heart rate, irregular or strengthened heartbeat (palpitations), chest pain, tightness in the chest, or more serious problems including heart attack and stroke.
Shortness of breath, cough, fever lasting 2 to 3 days and less feeling of hunger. These can be signs of lung problems, including inflammation.
Easier bruising, prolonged bleeding more than normal, any signs of bleeding (e.g. bleeding from the gums) purple spots on the skin or easier onset of infections, throat irritation and fever, feeling tired, weak, dizzy or flushed pale. These can be signs of blood or bone marrow problems.
Severe stomach pain which can extend to the back. This can be a sign of pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)
Fever, chills, tiredness, loss of appetite, stomach pain, feeling sick, yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice). These may be signs of liver problems such as hepatitis (inflammation of the liver) or liver damage. . Other side effects include: Tell your doctor if any of the conditions described below becomes severe or lasts longer than a few days.
Common (affecting less than 1 patient in every 10 patients on therapy)
- Headache or a feeling of weakness or tiredness
- Feeling dizzy. This is more likely to happen when Idroquark therapy has just started or the dose has just increased
- Irritating dry cough or bronchitis
- Blood tests show a higher than normal sugar level. If you have diabetes, it could get worse
- Blood tests show a higher than normal level of uric acid or fat
- Painful, red and swollen joints
Uncommon (affecting less than 1 patient in every 100 patients on therapy)
- Skin rash with or without lumps
- Flushing, weakness, hypotension (unusually low blood pressure), especially when standing or getting up quickly
- Balance problems (dizziness)
- Itching and unusual skin sensations such as numbness, tingling, stinging or rubbing (paraesthesia)
- Loss or change in taste
- Sleep problems
- Depressed mood, anxiety, more nervousness than usual or irritability
- Stuffy nose, sinus inflammation (sinusitis), shortness of breath
- Inflammation of the gums (gingivitis), swelling of the mouth
- Red, swollen or watery or itchy eyes
- Ringing in the ear
- Blurred vision
- Hair loss
- Chest pain
- Muscular pain
- Constipation, pain in the stomach or intestines
- Indigestion or feeling unwell
- Increased amount of urine during the day
- More sweating or feeling thirsty than usual
- Loss or decrease of appetite (anorexia), less feeling of hunger
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
- Swollen arms and legs.This may be a sign that your body is holding onto more water than usual
- Fever • Male impotence
- Decrease in the number of red, white blood cells and blood platelets or in the concentration of hemoglobin, shown in blood tests
- Changes in the function of the liver, pancreas or kidneys shown in blood tests.
- Blood tests show a lower than normal potassium level.
Very Rare (affects less than 1 patient in 10,000 patients on therapy)
- Feeling sick, causing diarrhea or heartburn
- Red swollen tongue or dry mouth
- Blood tests show a higher than normal potassium level.
Not known (frequency cannot be estimated from the available data)
- Concentrated urine (dark in color), feeling sick or unwell, muscle cramps, confusion and convulsions which may be due to inappropriate secretion of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone [antidiuretic hormone]). If you experience these symptoms, contact your doctor promptly
Other side effects found
Tell your doctor if any of the conditions described below become severe or persist for longer than a few days.
- Difficulty concentrating, feeling agitated or confused
- Fingers and toes that change color when they get cold and that tingle and hurt when heated (Raynaud's phenomenon)
- Breast enlargement in men
- Blood clots
- Hearing disturbances
- Eyes less moist than normal
- Objects appear yellow
- Dehydration
- Swelling, pain and paleness of the cheeks (inflammation of a salivary gland)
- Swelling of the "gut called" intestinal angioedema "which presents with symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea
- Increased awareness of the sun
- Severe flaking or peeling of the skin, itching, rash or other skin reactions such as redness of the face or forehead
- Skin rash or bruising
- Spots on the skin and cold extremities
- Nail problems (such as loosening or separation of the nail from its place)
- Musculoskeletal stiffness or inability to move the jaw (tetanus)
- Muscle weakness or cramps
- Reduction of sexual desire in men and women
- Presence of blood in the urine. This could be a sign of a kidney problem (interstitial nephritis)
- More sugar in the urine than normal
- An increase in the number of certain white blood cells (eosinophilia) found in blood tests
- Too low number of blood cells shown in blood tests (pancytopenia)
- Change in the level of salts such as sodium, calcium, magnesium and chlorine in the blood shown in blood tests
- Slowed or altered reactions
- Change in the perception of odors
- Breathing difficulties or worsening of asthma
- Severe eye pain, blurred vision or haloed vision, headache, diffuse tearing or nausea and vomiting which can be a condition called glaucoma.
Reporting of side effects
If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. You can also report side effects directly via the national reporting system at www.agenziafarmaco.it/it/responsabili. By reporting side effects you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.
Expiry and Retention
Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children. Do not use this medicine after the expiry date (EXP) which is stated on the blister and carton. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month. This medicine does not require any special storage conditions.
Do not throw any medicines via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to throw away medicines you no longer use. This will help protect the environment.
Other Information
What Idroquark contains
Idroquark 2.5 mg + 12.5 mg tablets
One tablet contains:
The active ingredients are: ramipril 2.5 mg + hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg;
The other ingredients are: hypromellose, pregelatinised maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium stearyl fumarate.
Idroquark 5 mg + 25 mg tablets
One tablet contains:
The active ingredients are: ramipril 5 mg + hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg;
The other ingredients are: hypromellose, pregelatinised maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium stearyl fumarate.
Description of the appearance of Idroquark and contents of the pack
Idroquark 2.5 mg + 12.5 mg: oblong, white to off-white tablets, scored on one side with HNV. The tablet can be divided into equal parts. Pack of 14 tablets in PVC / aluminum blister.
Idroquark 5 mg + 25 mg: White to off-white oblong tablets, scored on both sides with P / IK. The tablet can be divided into equal parts. Pack of 14 tablets in PVC / aluminum blister.
Source Package Leaflet: AIFA (Italian Medicines Agency). Content published in January 2016. The information present may not be up-to-date.
To have access to the most up-to-date version, it is advisable to access the AIFA (Italian Medicines Agency) website. Disclaimer and useful information.
01.0 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
IDROQUARK
02.0 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Idroquark 2.5 mg + 12.5 mg tablets:
One tablet contains
Active ingredients: ramipril 2.5 mg + hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg.
Idroquark 5 mg + 25 mg tablets:
One tablet contains:
Active ingredients: ramipril 5 mg + hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg.
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
03.0 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
2.5 mg + 12.5 mg tablets.
White to off-white oblong tablets with score line, marked on one side with HNV. The tablet can be divided into equal parts.
Tablets 5 mg + 25 mg.
White to off-white oblong tablets with score line, marked on both sides with P / IK.
The tablet can be divided into equal parts.
04.0 CLINICAL INFORMATION
04.1 Therapeutic indications
Treatment of hypertension.
This fixed dose combination is indicated in patients whose blood pressure is not adequately controlled with ramipril alone or hydrochlorothiazide alone.
04.2 Posology and method of administration
Dosage
Adults
The dose should be individualized according to the patient profile (see section 4.4) and blood pressure control.
Administration of the fixed combination of ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide is usually recommended after dose titration with one of the single components.
Idroquark should be started at the lowest available dosage. If necessary, the dose can be progressively increased to reach the required blood pressure value; the maximum permitted doses are 10 mg of ramipril and 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide per day.
Special populations
Patients treated with diuretics
Caution is advised in patients already being treated with diuretics, as hypotension may occur after initiation of treatment. Dose reduction or discontinuation of the diuretic should be considered before initiating treatment with Idroquark.
If withdrawal is not possible, it is recommended to start treatment with the lowest possible dose of ramipril (1.25 mg daily) not in combination. A switch to a maximum initial daily dose of 2.5 mg ramipril / 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide is recommended thereafter.
Patients with impaired renal function
Idroquark is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment due to the presence of hydrochlorothiazide (creatinine clearance
Patients with impaired renal function may require reduced doses of Idroquark. Patients with creatinine clearance between 30 and 60 ml / min should only be treated with the lowest dose of the fixed combination of ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide after administration of ramipril alone. The maximum permitted doses are 5 mg of ramipril and 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide. per day.
Patients with impaired liver function
In patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment, treatment with Idroquark should only be initiated under close medical supervision and the maximum permitted daily doses are 2.5 mg of ramipril and 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide.
Idroquark is contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment (see section 4.3).
Elderly patients
The starting dose should be the lowest and subsequent titration should be more gradual due to the increased likelihood of side effects particularly in very elderly or debilitated patients.
Pediatric population
The use of Idroquark in children and adolescents under 18 years of age is not recommended due to lack of sufficient data on safety and efficacy.
Method of administration
Oral use
It is recommended that Idroquark be taken once a day at the same time, usually in the morning.
Idroquark can be taken before, during or after meals, because food intake does not change its bioavailability (see section 5.2).
Idroquark must be swallowed with a liquid and must not be chewed or crumbled.
04.3 Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to the active substance, to other ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors), to hydrochlorothiazide, to other thiazide diuretics, to sulphonamides or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
- History of angioedema (hereditary, idiopathic or previous angioedema with ACE inhibitors or AIIRAs).
- Extracorporeal treatments that bring blood into contact with negatively charged surfaces (see section 4.5).
- Significant bilateral renal artery stenosis or unilateral stenosis in patients with only one functioning kidney.
- Second and third trimester of pregnancy (see sections 4.4 and 4.6).
- Breastfeeding (see section 4.6).
- Severe renal impairment with creatinine clearance below 30 ml / min in patients not on dialysis.
- Clinically relevant changes in electrolytes which may worsen following treatment with Idroquark (see section 4.4).
- Severe hepatic insufficiency
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- The concomitant use of Idroquark with aliskiren-containing products is contraindicated in patients with diabetes mellitus or renal impairment (GFR 2 glomerular filtration rate) (see sections 4.5 and 5.1).
04.4 Special warnings and appropriate precautions for use
Special populations
Pregnancy
Therapy with ACE inhibitors, such as ramipril, or with Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (AIIRAs) should not be initiated during pregnancy.
For patients planning pregnancy, alternative antihypertensive treatments with a proven safety profile for use in pregnancy should be used unless continued ACE inhibitor / AIIRA therapy is considered essential. When diagnosed with an ACE inhibitor / AIIRA. pregnancy, treatment with ACE inhibitors / AIIRAs should be stopped immediately, and, if appropriate, alternative therapy should be started (see sections 4.3 and 4.6).
Patients with particular risk of hypotension
Patients with overactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Patients with overactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are at risk of an acute notable drop in blood pressure and worsening of renal function due to ACE inhibition, especially when an ACE inhibitor or a concomitant diuretic is given for the first time. or at the first dose increase. Relevant activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system should be expected and medical supervision including blood pressure monitoring is required, for example in:
- patients with severe hypertension;
- patients with decompensated congestive heart failure;
- patients with haemodynamically significant obstacle to left ventricular inflow or outflow (eg aortic or mitral valve stenosis);
- patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis with a functioning second kidney;
- patients in whom fluid or salt depletion exists or may develop (including patients on diuretics);
- patients with liver cirrhosis and / or ascites;
- during major surgery or during anesthesia with drugs that cause hypotension.
It is generally recommended to correct dehydration, hypovolaemia or salt depletion before starting treatment (however in patients with heart failure this corrective action should be carefully weighed against the risk of overload).
Surgery
If possible, it is recommended that treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors such as ramipril be discontinued one day before surgery.
Patients at risk of cardiac or cerebral ischaemia in case of acute hypotension
The initial phase of treatment requires "careful medical supervision.
Primary hyperaldosteronism
The combination of ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide is not a treatment of choice for primary aldosteronism. If the combination ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide is used in a patient with primary aldosteronism, careful monitoring of plasma potassium levels is required.
Elderly patients
See section 4.2.
Patients with liver disease
Electrolyte disturbances due to diuretic therapy including hydrochlorothiazide may cause hepatic encephalopathy in patients with hepatic disease.
Monitoring of renal function
Renal function should be evaluated before and during treatment and the dose should be adjusted particularly in the first weeks of treatment. Particularly careful monitoring is required in patients with impaired renal function (see section 4.2). There is a risk of renal impairment, particularly in patients with congestive heart failure or after kidney transplantation or with renovascular disease including patients with haemodynamically relevant unilateral renal artery stenosis.
Impaired renal function
In patients with renal disease, thiazides may aggravate uremia. In patients with impaired renal function, cumulative effects of the active substance may develop. a careful re-evaluation of therapy, and discontinuation of diuretic therapy should be considered (see section 4.3).
Electrolyte imbalance
As with any patient on diuretic therapy, periodic monitoring of serum electrolytes should be performed at appropriate intervals. Thiazides, including hydrochlorothiazide, can cause fluid or electrolyte imbalance (hypokalaemia, hyponatremia and hypochloraemic alkalosis).
Although hypokalaemia may develop with the use of thiazide diuretics, concomitant therapy with ramipril may reduce diuretic-induced hypokalaemia. The risk of hypokalaemia is greater in patients with liver cirrhosis, in patients with rapid diuresis, in patients receiving inadequate electrolyte supplementation and in patients receiving concomitant corticosteroid or ACTH therapy (see section 4.5).
The first assessment of plasma potassium levels should be done in the first week after starting treatment. If low potassium levels are found, correction is required.
Dilutional hyponatraemia may occur. Reduction in sodium levels may initially be asymptomatic, and regular monitoring is therefore essential. Monitoring should be more frequent in elderly and cirrhotic patients. Thiazides have been shown to increase urinary excretion of magnesium, which can lead to hypomagnesaemia.
Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalaemia has been observed in some patients treated with ACE inhibitors including Idroquark.Patients at risk of developing hyperkalaemia include those with renal insufficiency, aged> 70 years, with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or those using potassium salts, potassium-sparing diuretics, or other active substances that increase plasma potassium or conditions such as dehydration, acute heart failure, metabolic acidosis.
If the use of any of the above substances is deemed necessary, regular monitoring of serum potassium is recommended (see section 4.5).
Hepatic encephalopathy
In patients with liver disease, electrolyte disturbances due to therapy with diuretics including hydrochlorothiazide can cause hepatic encephalopathy. If hepatic encephalopathy develops, treatment should be stopped immediately.
Hypercalcemia
Hydrochlorothiazide stimulates renal calcium reabsorption and can cause hypercalcemia. It can interfere with tests for parathyroid function.
Angioedema
Cases of angioedema have been reported in patients receiving ACE inhibitors including ramipril (see section 4.8).
In case of angioedema, Idroquark should be discontinued.
Emergency treatment should be instituted promptly. Patients should be kept under observation for at least 12-24 hours and discharged only after complete resolution of symptoms.
Intestinal angioedema has been observed in patients receiving ACE inhibitors, including Idroquark (see section 4.8). These patients presented with abdominal pain (with or without nausea or vomiting). Symptoms of intestinal angioedema resolved after discontinuation of the ACE inhibitor.
Anaphylactic reactions during desensitizing therapies
The likelihood and severity of anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions following contact with insect venom or other allergens are increased during therapy with ACE inhibitors. A temporary suspension of Idroquark should be considered prior to desensitization.
Neutropenia / agranulocytosis
Neutropenia / agranulocytosis have been observed rarely, and bone marrow depression has also been reported.
It is recommended to monitor the number of white blood cells to allow the detection of a possible leukopenia.
More frequent monitoring is recommended in the initial phase of treatment and in patients with impaired renal function, in patients with concomitant collagen disorders (e.g. lupus erythematosus or scleroderma) and in all those treated with drugs that can cause changes in the blood picture ( see sections 4.5 and 4.8).
Acute myopia and closed-angle glaucoma
Hydrochlorothiazide, a sulphonamide, can cause an idiosyncratic reaction, resulting in acute transient myopia and acute narrow-angle glaucoma. Symptoms include acute onset of decreased visual acuity or eye pain and typically occur within hours to weeks of " start of drug administration. Untreated acute angle-closure glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss. The main treatment is to discontinue hydrochlorothiazide as soon as possible. If intraocular pressure remains uncontrolled, rapid medical or surgical treatment may need to be considered. History of allergy to sulfonamides or penicillins may be considered risk factors for the development of acute angle glaucoma Closed.
Ethnic differences
ACE inhibitors cause a higher incidence of angioedema in black patients than in non-black patients.
Like other ACE inhibitors, ramipril may be less effective in lowering blood pressure in black populations than in non-black populations, possibly due to a higher prevalence of low-renin hypertension in black populations.
Athletes
Hydrochlorothiazide can determine positive anti-doping tests.
Metabolic and endocrine effects
Thiazide therapy can impair glucose tolerance. In diabetic patients, adjustment of the dosage of insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs may be required. Latent diabetes mellitus may become manifest during thiazide therapy.
Increases in cholesterol and triglyceride levels have been associated with thiazide diuretic therapy. Hyperuricaemia or worsening of overt gout may occur in some patients taking thiazides.
Cough
Cough has been observed with the use of ACE inhibitors. Typically, cough is nonproductive, persistent and resolves upon discontinuation of therapy. ACE inhibitor cough should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cough.
Others
Sensitization reactions may occur in patients with or without a history of allergy or bronchial asthma. The possibility of worsening of systemic lupus erythematosus has been reported.
Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
There is evidence that concomitant use of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren increases the risk of hypotension, hyperkalaemia and decreased renal function (including acute renal failure). Dual blockade of the RAAS through the combined use of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren is therefore not recommended (see sections 4.5 and 5.1).
If dual block therapy is considered absolutely necessary, this should only be done under the supervision of a specialist and with close and frequent monitoring of kidney function, electrolytes and blood pressure.
ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists should not be used concomitantly in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
04.5 Interactions with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Contraindicated associations
Extracorporeal treatments that bring blood into contact with negatively charged surfaces such as dialysis or haemofiltration with high flux membranes (eg polyacrylonitrile membranes) or low density lipoprotein apheresis by means of dextran-sulphate are contraindicated due to the increased risk of severe anaphylactoid reactions (see section 4.3). If this type of treatment is required, the use of different dialysis membranes or a different class of antihypertensive agents should be considered.
Clinical trial data have shown that dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) through the combined use of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren is associated with a higher frequency of adverse events. such as hypotension, hyperkalaemia and decreased renal function (including acute renal failure) compared to the use of a single agent active on the RAAS system (see sections 4.3, 4.4 and 5.1).
Precautions for use
Potassium salts, heparin, potassium-sparing diuretics and other active substances that increase blood potassium levels (including angiotensin II antagonists, trimethoprim, tacrolimus, cyclosporine):
Hyperkalaemia may occur, therefore careful monitoring of serum potassium levels is required.
Antihypertensive drugs (e.g. diuretics) and other drugs with potential antihypertensive effect (e.g. nitrates, tricyclic antidepressants, anesthetics, alcohol intake, baclofen, alfuzosin, doxazosin, prazosin, tamsulosin, terazosin): a possible potentiation of the risk of hypotension should be anticipated (see section 4.2 for diuretics).
Sympathomimetic vasopressors and other substances (adrenaline) that can reduce the antihypertensive effect of ramipril: Blood pressure monitoring is recommended. Furthermore, the effect of sympathomimetic vasopressors can be attenuated by hydrochlorothiazide.
Allopurinol, immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, procainamide, cytostatics and other drugs that can alter the blood picture: increased risk of haematological reactions (see section 4.4).
Salts of lithium: Lithium excretion may be reduced by ACE inhibitors and therefore lithium toxicity may be increased. Serum lithium levels should be monitored. Concomitant use of thiazide diuretics may increase the risk of lithium toxicity and increase the risk already increased lithium toxicity with ACE inhibitors. The combination of ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide with lithium is therefore not recommended.
Antidiabetic agents including insulin: Hypoglycaemic reactions may occur. Hydrochlorothiazide may attenuate the effects of antidiabetic medicinal products. Therefore, careful glycemic monitoring is recommended in the initial phase of co-administration.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetylsalicylic acid: a possible reduction of the antihypertensive effect of Idroquark should be anticipated. In addition, concomitant therapy with ACE inhibitors and NSAIDs may lead to an increased risk of worsening of renal function and an increase in kalaemia.
Oral anticoagulants: The effect of oral anticoagulants may be diminished by the concomitant use of hydrochlorothiazide.
Corticosteroids, ACTH, amphotericin B, carbenoxolone, high amounts of licorice, laxatives (in case of prolonged use) and other substances with kaliuretic effect or which decrease plasma potassium: increased risk of hypokalaemia.
Preparations based on digitalis, known active substances that prolong the QT interval and antiarrhythmics: their proarrhythmic toxicity may be increased or their antiarrhythmic effects decreased in the presence of electrolyte disturbances (eg hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia).
Methyldopa: possible haemolysis.
Colestyramine and other enteric administered ion exchangers: reduced absorption of hydrochlorothiazide. Sulfonamide diuretics should be taken at least 1 hour before or 4-6 hours after these medicines.
Curaric-type muscle relaxants: possible intensification and prolongation of muscle relaxing effects.
Calcium salts and medicinal products that increase plasma calcium levels: an increase in serum calcium concentration can be expected in case of concomitant administration of hydrochlorothiazide; therefore close monitoring of serum calcium is required.
Carbamazepine: risk of hyponatraemia due to additive effects with hydrochlorothiazide.
Iodine contrast mediaIn case of diuretic induced dehydration including hydrochlorothiazide, there is a risk of acute renal failure, particularly with the use of large doses of iodinated contrast media.
Penicillin: hydrochlorothiazide is excreted in the distal tubule, and reduces the excretion of penicillin.
Quinine: hydrochlorothiazide reduces the excretion of quinine.
Heparin: Possible increase in serum potassium concentration.
Vildagliptin: An increased incidence of angioedema was observed in patients treated with ACE inhibitors and Vildagliptin.
Trimethoprim and in fixed-dose combination with sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole): An increased incidence of hyperkalaemia has been observed in patients taking ACE inhibitors and trimethoprim and in fixed dose combination with sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole).
MTOR inhibitors: an increased risk of angioedema is possible in patients taking concomitant medications such as mTOR inhibitors (eg temsirolimus, everolimus, sirolimus). Be careful when starting therapy
04.6 Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Pregnancy
The use of Idroquark is not recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy (see section 4.4) and is contraindicated during the second and third trimester of pregnancy (see section 4.3).
Epidemiological evidence regarding the risk of teratogenicity following exposure to ACE inhibitors during the first trimester of pregnancy has not been conclusive; however a small increase in risk cannot be excluded.
For patients planning pregnancy, alternative antihypertensive treatments with a proven safety profile for use in pregnancy should be used unless continued ACE inhibitor therapy is considered essential.
When pregnancy is diagnosed, treatment with ACE inhibitors should be stopped immediately and, if appropriate, alternative therapy should be started.
Exposure to ACE inhibitors / Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (AIIRAs) during the second and third trimesters in women is known to induce fetal toxicity (decreased renal function, oligohydramnios, skull ossification retardation) and neonatal toxicity ( renal failure, hypotension, hyperkalaemia) (see section 5.3 "Preclinical safety data").
Should exposure to ACE inhibitor have occurred from the second trimester of pregnancy, ultrasound check of renal function and skull is recommended.
Neonates whose mothers have taken ACE inhibitors should be carefully observed for hypotension, oliguria and hyperkalaemia (see sections 4.3 and 4.4).
Hydrochlorothiazide, in case of prolonged exposure during the third trimester of pregnancy, can cause feto-placental ischaemia and the risk of growth retardation. In addition, rare cases of hypoglycaemia and thrombocytopenia in neonates have been reported with near term exposure. Hydrochlorothiazide can reduce plasma volume and uteroplacental blood flow.
Feeding time
Idroquark is contraindicated during breastfeeding.
Ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide are excreted in breast milk in quantities such that effects on the nursing infant are likely if therapeutic doses of ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide are administered to breastfeeding women.
Insufficient information is available regarding the use of ramipril during breastfeeding, and an alternative treatment with an established safety profile for breastfeeding, especially of the newborn or preterm infant, is preferred.
Hydrochlorothiazide is excreted in human milk. The intake of thiazides during lactation in nursing mothers has been associated with a decrease or even suppression of lactation.
Hypersensitivity to sulphonamide-derived active substances, hypokalaemia and nuclear jaundice may occur. Because of the possibility of serious reactions from both active substances in nursing infants, a decision must be made whether to discontinue breastfeeding or to discontinue therapy, taking into account the importance of the therapy to the mother.
04.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Some undesirable effects (e.g. symptoms of low blood pressure such as dizziness) may interfere with the patient's ability to concentrate and react and therefore represent a risk in situations where these skills are particularly important (e.g. operating machinery or driving vehicles).
This may particularly occur at the start of treatment or when substituting for another therapy. After the first dose or dose increase it is not recommended to drive or operate machinery for several hours.
04.8 Undesirable effects
The safety profile of the ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide combination includes adverse reactions occurring in the context of hypotension and / or fluid depletion due to increased diuresis. The active ingredient ramipril can induce persistent dry cough, while the active ingredient hydrochlorothiazide can lead to a worsening of the metabolism of glucose, lipids and uric acid. The two active ingredients have opposite effects on plasma potassium. Serious adverse reactions include angioedema or anaphylactic reactions, hepatic or renal impairment, pancreatitis, severe skin reactions and neutropenia / agranulocytosis.
The frequency of undesirable effects is defined using the following convention:
Very common (≥ 1/10); common (≥ 1/100,
Within the frequency groups, undesirable effects are listed in descending order of severity.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions occurring after authorization of the medicinal product is important as it allows continuous monitoring of the benefit / risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the national reporting system. "address" www.agenziafarmaco.gov.it/it/responsabili ".
04.9 Overdose
Symptoms associated with ACE inhibitor overdose may include excessive peripheral vasodilation (with marked hypotension, shock), bradycardia, electrolyte disturbance, renal failure, cardiac arrhythmia, impaired consciousness including coma, cerebral seizures, paresis, and paralytic ileus.
In predisposed patients (e.g. prostatic hyperplasia) overdose of hydrochlorothiazide can lead to acute urinary retention.
Patients should be closely monitored and treatment should be symptomatic and supportive. The main measures suggested include detoxification (gastric lavage, administration of adsorbents) and measures to restore haemodynamic stability, including administration of alpha 1 adrenergic agonists or angiotensin II (angiotensinamide). Ramiprilat, the active metabolite of ramipril, is poorly removed from the general circulation by hemodialysis.
05.0 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
05.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: ramipril and diuretics.
A.T.C Code: C09BA05.
Mechanism of action .
Ramipril
Ramiprilat, the active metabolite of the prodrug ramipril, inhibits the dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase I enzyme (synonyms: angiotensin converting enzyme; kininase II). This enzyme, at plasma and tissue level, determines the conversion of angiotensin I into the vasoconstrictor substance angiotensin II , and degradation of the vasodilator bradykinin. Reduced formation of angiotensin II and inhibition of degradation of bradykinin lead to vasodilation.
Since angiotensin II also stimulates the release of aldosterone, ramiprilat causes a reduction in the secretion of aldosterone. The mean response to ACE inhibitors of black (Afro-Caribbean) hypertensive patients (usually this hypertensive population has a low renin level) is lower than that of non-black patients.
Hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic. The mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of thiazide diuretics is not fully understood. Hydrochlorothiazide inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chlorine in the distal tubule. The increased renal excretion of these ions is accompanied by an increase in urine production (due to the osmotic binding of water). The excretion of potassium and magnesium increased, the excretion of uric acid decreased. Possible mechanisms of the antihypertensive action of hydrochlorothiazide could be: modification of the sodium balance, reduction of extracellular water and plasma volume, modification of renal vascular resistance as well as a reduced response to noradrenaline and angiotensin II.
Pharmacodynamic effects .
Ramipril
Administration of ramipril causes a marked reduction in peripheral arterial resistance. Generally neither the renal plasma flow nor the glomerular filtration index undergo noticeable changes. The administration of ramipril to hypertensive patients causes a reduction in blood pressure both in the upright position and in the supine position, without compensatory increase in heart rate.
After a single oral dose, in most patients the antihypertensive action occurs 1-2 hours after intake, reaches its maximum effect after 3-6 hours and lasts for at least 24 hours.
The maximum antihypertensive effect of continuous treatment with ramipril is generally achieved after 3-4 weeks.
It has been shown that the antihypertensive effect is maintained for prolonged therapy up to 2 years.
Abrupt discontinuation of therapy does not cause a rapid rebound increase in blood pressure.
Hydrochlorothiazide
With hydrochlorothiazide, the onset of diuresis occurs in 2 hours, and the peak of the effect occurs at about 4 hours, while the action lasts for about 6-12 hours.
The onset of the antihypertensive effect occurs after 3-4 days and can last up to a week after discontinuation of therapy.
The blood pressure lowering effect is accompanied by a slight increase in the filtration fraction, renal vascular resistance and plasma renin activity.
Concomitant administration of ramipril-hydrochlorothiazide
In clinical trials, the combination resulted in a greater reduction in blood pressure than either product given alone. Presumably through blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, co-administration of ramipril with hydrochlorothiazide tends to compensate for the loss. associated with these diuretics. The combination of an ACE inhibitor with a thiazide diuretic produces a synergistic effect and also decreases the risk of hypokalaemia caused by the diuretic alone.
Two large randomized controlled trials (ONTARGET (ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial) and VA Nephron-D (The Veterans Affairs Nephropathy in Diabetes)) have examined the use of the combination of an ACE inhibitor with an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor.
ONTARGET was a study conducted in patients with a history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, or type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with evidence of organ damage. VA NEPHRON-D was a study conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy.
These studies did not demonstrate any significant beneficial effect on renal and / or cardiovascular outcomes and mortality, while an increased risk of hyperkalaemia, acute renal injury and / or hypotension was observed compared to monotherapy.
These results are also relevant for other ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists, given their similar pharmacodynamic properties.
ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists should therefore not be used simultaneously in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
ALTITUDE (Aliskiren Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Using Cardiovascular and Renal Disease Endpoints) was a study aimed at verifying the advantage of adding aliskiren to standard therapy of an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor antagonist in patients with diabetes mellitus. type 2 and chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, or both. The study was terminated early due to an increased risk of adverse events. Cardiovascular death and stroke were both numerically more frequent in the aliskiren group than in the placebo group, and adverse events and serious adverse events of interest (hyperkalaemia, hypotension and renal dysfunction) were reported more frequently in the aliskiren group than in the placebo group.
05.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism
Ramipril
Absorption
After oral administration ramipril is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; peak plasma ramipril concentration is reached within one hour. Based on urinary recovery, absorption is at least 56% and is not significantly affected by the presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract. The bioavailability of the active metabolite ramiprilat after oral administration of 2.5 mg and 5 mg of ramipril is 45%.
Peak plasma concentrations of ramiprilat, the only active metabolite of ramipril, are reached 2-4 hours after ramipril intake. Steady-state plasma concentrations of ramiprilat after once daily administration of the usual daily doses of ramipril are reached by the fourth day of treatment approx.
Distribution
The serum protein binding of ramipril is approximately 73% and that of ramiprilat is approximately 56%.
Metabolism
Ramipril is almost completely metabolised to ramiprilat and the diketopiperazine ester, the acid form of diketopiperazine and the glucuronides of ramipril and ramiprilat.
Elimination
Excretion of metabolites is mainly via the kidney. Plasma concentrations of ramiprilat decrease in a polyphasic manner. Due to its potent and saturable binding to ACE and slow dissociation from the enzyme, ramiprilat exhibits a prolonged terminal phase of elimination at very low plasma concentrations.
After multiple daily doses of ramipril, the effective half-life of ramiprilat concentrations was 13-17 hours for the 5-10 mg doses and longer for the lower 1.25-2.5 mg doses. This difference is related to the saturable ability of the enzyme to bind ramiprilat. A single oral dose of ramipril produced an undetectable level of ramipril and its metabolite in breast milk. However, the effect of multiple dose administration is not known.
Patients with renal insufficiency (see section 4.2)
The renal excretion of ramiprilat is reduced in patients with renal insufficiency and the renal clearance of ramiprilat is proportional to the creatinine clearance. This results in elevated plasma concentrations of ramiprilat which decline more slowly than in patients with normal renal function.
Patients with hepatic insufficiency (see section 4.2)
In patients with impaired hepatic function, the metabolization of ramipril to ramiprilat is delayed due to decreased activity of hepatic esterases; in these patients the plasma levels of ramipril are increased. Peak concentrations of ramiprilat in these patients, however, they are not different from those seen in subjects with normal liver function.
Hydrochlorothiazide
Absorption
After oral administration approximately 70% of hydrochlorothiazide is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak plasma concentrations of hydrochlorothiazide are reached within 1.5 - 5 hours.
Distribution
Plasma protein binding of hydrochlorothiazide is 40%.
Metabolism
Hydrochlorothiazide has negligible hepatic metabolism.
Elimination
Hydrochlorothiazide is eliminated almost completely (> 95%) unchanged by the kidney: between 50 and 70% of a single oral dose is eliminated within 24 hours. The elimination half-life is 5-6 hours.
Patients with renal insufficiency (see section 4.2)
Renal excretion of hydrochlorothiazide is reduced in patients with renal insufficiency and renal clearance of hydrochlorothiazide is proportional to creatinine clearance. This results in elevated plasma concentrations of hydrochlorothiazide which decline more slowly than in patients with normal renal function.
Patients with hepatic insufficiency (see section 4.2)
The pharmacokinetics of hydrochlorothiazide are not significantly changed in patients with liver cirrhosis. The pharmacokinetics of hydrochlorothiazide have not been studied in patients with heart failure.
Ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide
Concomitant administration of ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide does not change their bioavailability. The combination product can be considered bioequivalent to products containing the individual components.
05.3 Preclinical safety data
In rats and mice the combination of ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide did not produce acute toxicity up to 10,000 mg / kg. Repeated dose administration studies in rats and monkeys revealed only alterations in electrolyte balance.
Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted with the combination as studies with the individual components showed no risk.
Reproduction studies in rats and rabbits have shown that the combination is slightly more toxic than either of the individual components but no studies have shown a teratogenic effect of the combination.
06.0 PHARMACEUTICAL INFORMATION
06.1 Excipients
Hypromellose, pregelatinised maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium stearyl fumarate.
06.2 Incompatibility
Not relevant.
06.3 Period of validity
3 years.
06.4 Special precautions for storage
This medicine does not require any special storage conditions.
06.5 Nature of the immediate packaging and contents of the package
Idroquark 2.5 mg + 12.5 mg tablets: pack of 14 divisible tablets in PVC / Aluminum blisters
Idroquark 5 mg + 25 mg tablets: pack of 14 divisible tablets in PVC / Aluminum blisters
06.6 Instructions for use and handling
Unused medicine and waste derived from this medicine must be disposed of in accordance with local regulations.
07.0 MARKETING AUTHORIZATION HOLDER
POLIFARMA S.p.A. Viale dell "Arte, 69 - 00144 ROME
08.0 MARKETING AUTHORIZATION NUMBER
Idroquark 2.5 mg + 12.5 tablets: 14 tablets AIC n. 028533014
Idroquark 5 mg + 25 mg tablets: 14 tablets AIC n. 028533026
09.0 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORIZATION OR RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORIZATION
Date of first authorization: 31 October 1994
Last renewal date: 15 November 2009.
10.0 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
March 2017
