Martial arts classification on the technical focus
The most explanatory classification of martial arts is on the technical focus:
Unarmed or unarmed
Unarmed martial arts can be broadly grouped into those that focus on strikes or strikes against objects, on grappling or wrestling, on both - often described as mixed or hybrid martial arts.
Strikes or striking
It is a direct physical attack on a part of the human body or with an object (such as a "weapon) intended to cause blunt or penetrating trauma to an opponent. There are many different varieties. A blow with the hand closed in a fist. is termed a punch, a blow with the leg or foot is referred to as a kick and a blow with the head is called a head or butt blow. There are also other variations employed in martial arts and combat sports. "Buffet" or "beats" are terms that refer to repeated and violent blows against an opponent, better known as a combination or combo
- Disciplines that use punches only or significantly: Boxing or boxing, Wing Chun, Karate
- Disciplines that use kicks only or predominantly: Taekwondo, Capoeira, Savate
- Others: Muay Thai, Kung Fu, Pencak Silat
Grappling
It is hand-to-hand combat that is based on "grabbing" the opponent, like in wrestling. It is used at close range to obtain a physical advantage such as improving the position or to cause injury to the opponent. It includes a set of techniques used in many disciplines, styles and martial arts practiced both as a combat sport and for self-defense. wrestling often involves ground control and can end when a contestant admits defeat, also known as submission or tap out. Does not usually include strikes or the use of weapons. However, some fighting styles or martial arts best known for their grappling techniques teach tactics that include strikes and the use of combined weapons.
- Projection disciplines: Hapkido, Judo, Sumo, Wrestling, Aikido
- Joint lock / chokeholds / submission holds: Judo, Jujutsu, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Sambo, Kung Fu
- Katame-waza: Judo, Wrestling, Aikido
Armed
They affect a broad spectrum of weapons, including bladed and firearms. They include eskrima, silat, kalaripayat, kobudo, and European historical martial arts (HEMA), especially those of the German Renaissance. Many Chinese martial arts also require the use of weapons. Sometimes, training with a specific weapon can be considered a style in its own right, especially in the case of Japanese martial arts, such as kenjutsu and kendo (sword). , bojutsu (stick) and kyudo (archery).
Martial arts classification on application or intent / goal
Combat oriented
They include combat sports, such as boxing or boxing, and self defense.
Oriented to health and well-being
Many martial arts, especially the Asian ones, are also based on techniques related to medicinal practices. This is particularly prevalent in traditional Asian martial arts, which can teach skeleton, herbalism, and other aspects of traditional medicine.
Another aspect to be analyzed is that of the modern practice of physical martial arts as a means of physical conditioning. This training aims to obtain various benefits, however shared by other sports or fitness activities, such as: reduction of mental stress, improvement of self-esteem and mood, increase in strength, muscle flexibility, joint mobility, balance, "agility, aerobic and mixed endurance, speed and speed, coordination," cardio-circulatory and respiratory efficiency, prevention or treatment of overweight, prevention of metabolic pathologies, atherosclerosis, etc.
Did you know that ...
According to Bruce Lee, inventor of Jet Kune Do, martial arts have the nature of an art, as they include communication and complete emotional expression.
Oriented on spirituality
Martial arts can also be linked to religion and spirituality. Numerous systems are believed to have been founded, disseminated or practiced by monks or nuns.
In the Asian arts, meditation can be incorporated as part of training. In techniques influenced by Hindu-Buddhist philosophy, the practice itself can be used as a means to attain enlightenment.
Japanese styles, when dealing with the "non-physical" qualities of combat, are often heavily influenced by the Mahayana Buddhist philosophy. Concepts such as "empty mind" and "beginner's mind" are particularly common. Aikido practitioners, for example, have a strong philosophical conviction regarding the flow of energy and the promotion of inner peace, as idealized by founder Morihei Ueshiba.
Traditional Korean martial arts emphasize the practitioner's spiritual and philosophical development. A common theme in most Korean styles, such as Taekkyon and Taekwondo, is the value of "inner peace", attainable only through meditation and individual training. . It is commonly believed that Koreans conceive the use of physical force only for self-defense.
"Systema", a Russian martial art, is based on breathing and relaxation techniques, as well as on elements of Russian Orthodox thought, to promote self-awareness and calm, and to help the practitioner in different levels: physical, psychological and spiritual .
Some martial arts, from various cultures, can be performed as a form of dance. For example to evoke ferocity in preparation for battle or show off one's skills in a "stylized" way; capoeira is a prime example. Many of these martial arts include music - especially strong percussive rhythms - see also the war dance, typical of Maori.
of ancient China.
The styles that focus on the manipulation of qi are the "internal" ones (which we have already mentioned), while those that focus on improving the muscular and cardiovascular shape are called "external".Another popular classification method of Chinese martial arts is the "geographical association of" north "and" south "of China.
o the refinement of such tactics and techniques, in order to facilitate their systematic education and dissemination.Koryū Bujutsu
The following are part of Koryū Bujutsu: Sumo, Jujutsu and Fencing (once used by samurai and further divided into Kenjutsu, Battōjutsu and Iaijutsu), Naginatajutsu, Sōjutsu, Shinobi no jutsu (of the so-called Ninja) and other Koryū martial arts.
Gendai budō
They are part of Gendai Budō: Judo, Kendo, Iaidō, Aikido, Kyūdō, Karate, Shorinji Kempo (transported from the Chinese art of Shaolin Kung Fu).
. The history of Korean martial arts dates back to prehistoric times. The ancestors of the modern Korean population emigrated and settled on the Korean peninsula as early as the 28th century BC, a geopolitical region besieged by thousands of known documented cases of foreign invasions. As a result, the Korean people have developed unique martial arts and military strategies in order to defend themselves and their territory.Traditional Korean martial arts gradually split into three main groups or branches:
- Sado Musul (tribal martial arts)
- Bulgyo Musul (Buddhist martial arts)
- Gungjung Musul (martial arts of the royal court).
In 1958, these branches of Korean traditional martial arts were organized to form a single modern hybrid system known as "Kuk Sool Won". Today, Korean martial arts are practiced all over the world; more than one in a hundred of the world's population practices some form of Taekwondo (a typical Korean discipline that mainly exploits the use of kicks). Among the best Korean practices recognized using weapons are traditional Korean archery and Kumdo, the Korean adaptation of Japanese Kendo. The best known unarmed Korean martial arts are Taekwondo and Hapkido, although traditional practices such as Ssireum - Korean Wrestling - are also rapidly gaining popularity both inside and outside the country. and Taekkyon - Korean Foot Fighting. In November 2011, Taekkyon was recognized by UNESCO and included in its list of intangible cultural heritage of humanity. There was also a revival of the traditional Korean sword arts as well as knives and archery.
nude (England) and stick wrestling, Savate and Canne (France), Bataireacht and Coraíocht (Ireland), Ristynės (Lithuania), Jogo do Pau (Portugal), Russian boxing, Sambo, Systema and ARB (Russia), Historical Fencing Scottish and Scottish Backhold (Scotland), Lotta Canaria, Lotta Leonese, Juego del Palo (Spain), Swiss Lotta (Switzerland), Khridoli (Georgia), Nova Scrimia (Italy), Combat Hopak (Ukraine), Bataireacht and Coraíocht (Ireland) etcEtc.
