Tremors and a sense of cold: affect about 25% of patients. Typically, tremors last 20 to 30 minutes at the most.
Confusion and memory loss: these are two temporary ailments, very common among elderly patients.
Small chest infections: These occur mainly in patients who have undergone surgery on the abdomen. The symptoms are fever and difficulty in breathing; the therapy involves antibiotics.
Bladder disorders: generally, they consist of difficulty urinating and / or passing urine. They last a short time.
Dizziness: these are sensations that run out in a short time.
Bruising and soreness: they can appear where the needle-cannula has been inserted for the administration of the anesthetic and sedative.
Pain in the throat: occurs in 40% of patients and is due to the insertion of the tube that allows breathing.
Injuries to the lips or mouth and damage to the teeth: the former affect 5% of patients, the latter one person out of 4500.
to the anesthetic used and that, for this reason, is the victim of an anaphylactic reaction.
Secondly, it is possible that an individual is suffering from malignant hyperthermia, a particular inherited disease that manifests itself with very severe symptoms only when those affected take large doses of anesthetic.
Finally, there is a very remote probability (one case in 100,000) that the patient will die.
Smoking, obesity, suffering from serious diseases and particularly invasive surgery are some of the conditions that favor the appearance of complications when general anesthesia is applied.
, a special collection bag.
For some colostomized patients, the stool collection bag represents a real inconvenience and they prefer to resort to an alternative method, known as transtomal intestinal irrigation.
This particular remedy basically consists in introducing, through the stoma, water, which causes the faeces to come out of the stoma itself.
To the stoma, it is obviously necessary to apply a waterproof case that serves to collect the faeces that the flow of water collects and transports to the outside.
Once the intestine is emptied, the instrumentation is removed.
In some respects, transtomal intestinal irrigation is much more comfortable than the classic bag for the collection of feces. However, it has some limitations that make it inadequate for some people: it must, in fact, be performed every day at the same time and this is unsuitable for those who carry out certain work activities and fail to regularize their lives.
Moreover, among the disadvantages, we must also consider the time for its execution, which is about 45-60 minutes.
.But after how long can this second operation be carried out?
Typically, surgeons spend 12 weeks, after which they evaluate the patient's condition and decide what to do. If the patient is well and the wounds from the first surgery have healed completely, the colostomy reversal operation can proceed.
If, on the other hand, the patient still does not show that he has fully recovered, the reversion procedure must be postponed for a few weeks.
Nothing prevents you from being able to operate even after one or more years from the first intervention. In some cases, in fact, it is preferred to wait a long time before "fixing" the modified large intestine, in order to be sure of the good final result.
The second surgery requires hospitalization that can range from a minimum of 3 to a maximum of 10 days.
Although it is a less invasive operation than a colostomy, full recovery still occurs after several weeks.
This precaution is generally valid for the first 7-8 days, after which the patient can go back to eating without particular restrictions, other than the (very important) one of adopting a healthy and balanced diet.
Therefore, after healing, fruit and vegetables are again allowed; carbohydrates (preferably wholemeal type) should make up a large part of the meals; finally, dairy products and protein foods should be low in fat (i.e. low-fat milk or yogurt, lean meats, fish, etc.).
and in avoiding unpleasant complications (such as constipation or excessive bleeding from the abdominal stoma).First of all, it is advisable to divide the meals, in such a way as to make them lighter and easier to digest.
Then, you should get used to eating slowly, perhaps chewing your food for a long time, and avoid dining too late. Nighttime snacks are therefore inadequate.
Furthermore, it is a good idea: to periodically vary the diet; if any food has bothered you, avoid it; eat fruits, vegetables and whole grains every day, because they contain fiber and protect against constipation; avoid foods rich in fats as much as possible, because difficult to digest.
Finally, to favor the transit and elimination of faeces, it is essential to drink a lot, even almost two liters of water a day.
.Therefore, one of the most common questions that colostomies (i.e. people who have had a colostomy) ask doctors is: Are there any remedies for bleeding?
To accentuate it are certainly the following foods and behaviors: legumes (in particular peas, beans and lentils), onions, cauliflower, cabbage, foods rich in fat, sprouts, spicy foods, onions, eggs , fizzy drinks, beer, chewing gum, eating with your mouth open, talking while eating, smoking, drinking through a straw and eating at irregular intervals.
In light of this, it is good to regularize meals, taking care not to make them too long; chew with your mouth closed and avoid talking as long as you eat; prefer non-carbonated drinks and do not use straws to drink; finally, limit or completely avoid (in the case of very fatty foods) foods that promote bleeding.
patients transplanted to the sick person come from a recently deceased donor.However, there is also the possibility of transplanting lungs from live donors.
In general, a live donor lung transplant is performed between people belonging to the same family and requires two donors. In fact, the lower part of the right lung is taken from one donor and the lower part of the left lung is taken from the other donor.
After that, the procedure is very similar to that performed during lung transplants from a dead donor; which means that the surgeon removes the two diseased lungs from the patient and inserts the two freshly removed healthy lungs.
Live donor lung transplantation is practiced especially in the case of cystic fibrosis, as a last resort after all other possible treatments have failed.
Given the necessary conditions to be able to perform it (two compatible donors), it is a procedure practiced very rarely.
pulmonary "open" provides that the collection of lung tissue to be observed in the laboratory takes place after one or more incisions on the side, precisely between the ribs.Through these small openings, in fact, the surgeon first introduces a camera - which, connected to an external monitor, allows him to orient himself in the thoracic cavity - and then the surgical instruments necessary for sampling.
The "open" lung biopsy requires general anesthesia, so the patient is unconscious for the duration of the procedure and in communication with an oxygen supply.
The procedure usually lasts an hour and, at its conclusion, a pleural drainage is foreseen for the re-expansion of the affected lung. During the operation, in fact, the lung from which the tissue sample is taken collapses as in a pneumothorax.
The expected hospitalization is at least a couple of days.
The postoperative phase could be characterized by fatigue, chest pain when breathing, light bleeding at the incision and sore throat.
Since lung biopsy is in effect a "surgical operation, it could give rise to some complications. Therefore, doctors prefer to use it only when other less invasive biopsy tests have proved to be little exhaustive."
neonatal.Congenital pathology (i.e. present from birth), Hirschsprung's disease is due to the lack - in the affected infant - of some nerve endings that control the smooth muscle of the colon, i.e. the longest part of the large intestine.
Lacking these nerve endings, the movement of fecal contents inside the intestine (the so-called intestinal peristalsis) is insufficient and inadequate. The inadequacy of intestinal peristalsis can cause severe episodes of intestinal obstruction and cause enterocolitis (ie infections of the intestine).
Treatment for children with Hirschsprung's disease is surgical.
In less severe cases, the surgeon may limit himself to an intestinal bypass, with which he effectively isolates the non-innervated section of the intestine.
In severe cases, however, he must separate the healthy intestine from the diseased one and perform a colostomy or an ileostomy.
The latter - whose choice of one or the other depends on the location of the disorder - are two delicate procedures, aimed at creating an alternative life for the faeces and their elimination.
.The abdominal adhesions are bands of fibrous-scar tissue that "glue" together the tissues and organs of the abdomen on which they develop.
This alters not only the normal anatomy of the internal abdominal structures, but also affects their functionality.
In most cases, the adhesions are located at the level of the intestine, because the latter has numerous areas folded back on themselves and in close contact.
In most cases, abdominal adhesions appear after abdominal or pelvic surgery.
According to some estimates, 93% of surgical operations performed on the abdomen / pelvis cause adhesions to appear even many years later.
Although it happens more rarely, abdominal adhesions can also form due to: severe appendicitis, ulcerative colitis, endometriosis, severe infectious gastroenteritis, congenital tissue abnormalities, sexually transmitted diseases (gonorrhea, chlamydia, etc.).
Most likely, the processes leading to the formation of fibrous-scar tissue are inflammatory in nature.
or cause more or less severe pain in the abdomen or pelvis.Furthermore, in some subjects, they can be at the origin of episodes of intestinal obstruction, intestinal strangulation and, only in women, infertility.
A "bowel obstruction is" an obstruction that occurs in the intestine and prevents the contents of the intestine from advancing normally. Untreated bowel obstructions can lead to bleeding, infection and perforation, all in the intestine.
An intestinal strangulation is an abnormal kinking of the intestine, which, in addition to blocking the intestinal tract involved, also interrupts the blood supply. Typical signs of intestinal strangulation are abdominal distention, fever and tachycardia.
Female infertility due to abdominal adhesions occurs when the latter form close to the uterus and fallopian tubes.
to proceed with surgical treatment.
Furthermore, it must be considered that the course of the disease is not always predictable. The cataract, becoming more opaque and hard, could hinder and make the surgery more complicated.
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