polyunsaturated (PUFA) are fatty acids characterized by more than one double bond along the carbon chain. Common name Lipid name Chemical Name Hexadecatrienoic acid (HTA) 16: 3 (n-3) all-cis 7,10,13-hexadecatrienoic acid Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) 18: 3 (n-3) all-cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid Stearidonic acid (SDA) 18: 4 (n-3) all-cis-6,9,12,15, -octadecatetraenoic acid Eicosatrienoic acid (ETE) 20: 3 (n-3) all-cis-11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid Eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA) 20: 4 (n-3) all-cis-8,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, timnodonic acid) 20: 5 (n-3) all-cis-6,9,12,15,18-eicosapentaenoic acid Heneicosapenaenoic acid (HPA) 21: 5 (n-3) all-cis-7,10,13,16,19-heneicosapenaenoic acid Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, clupanodonic acid) 22: 5 (n-3) all-cis-7,10,13,16,19-docosapentaenoic acid Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, cervonic acid) 22: 6 (n-3) all-cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid Tetracosapentaenoic acid 24: 5 (n-3) all-cis-9,12,15,18,21-tetracosapentaenoic acid Tetracosahexaenoic acid (nisinic acid) 24: 6 (n-3) all-cis-6,9,12,15,18,21-tetracosahexaenoic acid
Common name Lipid name Chemical Name Linoleic acid (LA) 18: 2 (n-6) all-cis-9.12-octadecadienoic acid Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) 18: 3 (n-6) all-cis-6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid Eicosadienoic acid 20: 2 (n-6) all-cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid Diomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) 20: 3 (n-6) all-cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid Arachidonic acid (AA) 20: 4 (n-6) all-cis-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid Docosadienoic acid 22: 2 (n-6) all-cis-13,16-docosadienoic acid Adrenic acid (AdA) 22: 4 (n-6) all-cis-7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid Docosapentaenoic acid (Osbond acid) 22: 5 (n-6) all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic acid Tetracosatetraenoic acid 24: 4 (n-6) all-cis-9,12,15,18-tetracosatetraenoic acid Tetracosapentaenoic acid 24: 5 (n-6) all-cis-6,9,12,15,18-tetracosapentaenoic acid
Common name Lipid name Chemical Name Oleic acid 18: 1 (n-9) Are you there-9-octadecenoic acid Eicosenoic acid 20: 1 (n-9) Are you there-11-eicosenoic acid Medical acid 20: 3 (n-9) all-cis-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid Erucic acid 22: 1 (n-9) Are you there-13-docosenoic acid Nervonic acid 24: 1 (n-9) Are you there-15-tetracosenoic acid
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Those that have only one double bond are called monounsaturated (MUFA) and, in the absence of double bonds, the fatty acids are called saturated.
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Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids
A high nutritional value is attributed to the group of polyunsaturated fatty acids; this is because some of them cannot be synthesized autonomously by the organism and, therefore, are defined as essential.
They are EFA respectively:
- alpha-linolenic acid (ALA - 18: 3n-3), an essential omega 3 (ω-3);
- linoleic acid (LA - 18: 2n-6), an essential omega 6 (ω-6).
Semi-essential polyunsaturated fatty acids
Although essential, ALA and LA are not directly involved in the various biological roles upstream of which they exercise the role of precursors. On the other hand, their derivatives enjoy the "real" metabolic activity; respectively:
- eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA - 20: 5n-3), a semi-essential omega 3 - produced by ALA;
- docosahexaenoic acid (DHA - 22: 6n-3), a semi-essential omega 3 - produced by ALA;
- gamma-linolenic acid (GLA - 18: 3n-6), a semi-essential omega 6 - produced by LA;
- diomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA - 20: 3n-6), a semi-essential omega 6 - produced by LA;
- arachidonic acid (AA - 20: 4n-6), a semi-essential omega 6 - produced by LA.
Note: Essential fatty acids are all fatty acids interrupted by omega-3 and omega-6 methylene.
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