See also: castor oil for eyelashes and hair
Castor oil is obtained by cold pressing the seeds of Ricinus communis, an arborescent plant belonging to the Euphorbiacee family. The lipid content of the seeds is heavily influenced by environmental conditions and is normally between 30 and 50%. The protein content is also decent (15-20%).
Castor seeds also contain a toxic substance - a glycoprotein lecithin called ricin - which can cause vomiting, haematemesis, gastrointestinal bleeding, convulsions and arrhythmias, up to coma and death. Ingestion of a few castor seeds (5-10) can be lethal.
The presence of ricin and another toxin, the alkaloid ricinin, severely limits the use of the panel in the zootechnical field. For this reason the efforts of agronomists and bioengineers are concentrating on the selection of species with a low content of toxins.
The castor has an erect, purplish-red stem, which enriches the landscapes of temperate and tropical areas, including Italy. The tree is grown - especially in India, China and Brazil - for the vast industrial use of castor oil, whose applications range from the pharmaceutical field (a constituent, called undecylenic acid, is known and used for its antifungal properties) to that of cosmetics, paints, plastic polymers and lubricants. However, one of the best known properties of castor oil remains its laxative. Its irritating action, which on an empty stomach takes place within 30-120 minutes of ingestion (interval necessary for pancreatic lipases to digest triglycerides into monoglycerides and ricinoleic acid) produces a purgative effect within 6-12 hours, with the emission of profuse discharges of semiliquid feces. Ricinoleic acid acts by stimulating the water secretion of the small intestine, thus accelerating peristalsis. Since the "increased intestinal transit causes the" elimination of triglycerides not yet hydrolyzed (digested), the laxative effect of castor oil is self-limiting. For this purpose, therapeutic doses range from 15 to 50 ml in adults and from 5 to 10 ml in children over two years of age ; in both cases it must be taken on an empty stomach. Absolutely forbidden to use it during pregnancy, since castor oil can cause violent uterine contractions.
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