AMPLITAL ® Ampicillin

AMPLITAL ® is an Ampicillin-based drug

THERAPEUTIC GROUP: General antimicrobials for systemic use - broad spectrum penicillins

Indications AMPLITAL ® Ampicillin

AMPLITAL ® is a broad spectrum antibiotic effective in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by Gram + and Gram -, non-ampicillin resistant bacteria.

Mechanism of action AMPLITAL ® Ampicillin

AMPLITAL ® is a broad spectrum antibiotic useful in the treatment of bacterial infections of different organs and systems sustained by Gram positive and negative non penicillinase resistant bacteria.
The microbicidal activity is supported by Ampicillin, an active principle belonging to the family of synthetic derivatives of 6-aminopenicylanic acid capable of inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan.
Taken orally or parenterally it reaches the maximum plasma concentration in a short time, concentrating at the level of the various biological fluids, where by preventing the formation of cross-links between the various peptidoglycan molecules, it compromises the stability of the bacterial wall, thus making the microorganisms particularly susceptible to osmotic shock.
Despite the wide spectrum of action, which makes the use of this antibiotic easy and relatively safe, it should be remembered that the expression of penicillinase can inactivate ampicillin thus making the therapy ineffective.
From the pharmacokinetic point of view, on the other hand, the typical acidity of ampicillin allows the oral intake of AMPLITAL ®, thus increasing both compliance and therapeutic success.

Studies carried out and clinical efficacy

1. L "AMPICILLIN IN THE TREATMENT OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONITIS
J Infect Chemother. 2012 Mar 30. [Epub ahead of print]

Retrospective investigation of the clinical effects of tazobactam / piperacillin and sulbactam / ampicillin on aspiration pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Tsukada H, Sakai K, Cho H, Kimura Y, Tetsuka T, Nakajima H, Ito K.

Klebsiella Pneumoniae is a microorganism responsible for aspiration pneumonia and hospital infections, especially in defunct and elderly patients. In these cases, ampicillin therapy, although almost always effective, could facilitate the emergence of resistant strains, thus requiring the need for supportive antibiotic therapy.

2 . HOSPITAL INFECTIONS: AMPICILLIN RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCHI
PLoS One. 2012; 7: e30319. Epub 2012 Feb 17.

Hospital and community ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium are evolutionarily closely linked but have diversified through niche adaptation.

de Regt MJ, van Schaik W, van Luit-Asbroek M, Dekker HA, van Duijkeren E, Koning CJ, Bonten MJ, Willems RJ.

Very recent epidemiological study which denounces the growing appearance of pathogens and in particular enterococci resistant to ampicillin in hospital, such as to considerably compromise the state of health of patients and the relative antibiotic efficacy of the therapy.

3. NEUROTOXICITY FROM AMPICILLIN
J Oral Pathol Med. 2012 Mar; 41: 268-71.

Neurolytic effects of ampicillin on the rat infraorbital nerve.

Saulacic N, Lombardi T, Stojcev-Stajcic L, Iizuka T, Stajcic Z.

Experimental study conducted on mice that demonstrates how the perineural administration of ampicillin can determine the onset of neurotoxicity to the infraorbital nerve, compromising the functionality of the directly innervated areas.

Method of use and dosage

AMPLITAL ®
1 g tablets of ampicillin trihydrate;
500 mg capsules of ampicillin trihydrate;
Solution and solvent for intramuscular injection of 500 - 1 g of ampicillin per 4 ml of solution;
treatment with AMPLITAL ® should be established by your doctor after a careful evaluation of the patient's state of health, of any positivity, including anamnestic to hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins and cephalosporins, and of the clinical picture.
Note the half-life of ampicillin, of about 6-8 hours, it would be advisable to divide the entire dosage, generally in adults between 2 and 3 grams per day, in 2-3 different administrations.

AMPLITAL ® Ampicillin warnings

Therapy with AMPLITAL ® should be preceded by a careful medical history, useful to reveal the possible presence of conditions incompatible with the therapy, and by the isolation and characterization of the microorganism and its sensitivity to ampicillin.
In fact, it is useful to remember how the abuse of antibiotics can facilitate the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria, considerably reducing the bactericidal efficacy of antibiotic therapy.
AMPLITAL ® is ineffective against ampicillin resistant microorganisms, given the high sensitivity to penicillinases.
The entire treatment should be supervised by your physician, who should periodically monitor the patient's liver and kidney function, especially in the early stages of therapy.

PREGNANCY AND BREASTFEEDING

Given the absence of studies capable of characterizing the safety profile of ampicillin when taken during pregnancy, it would be advisable to limit the intake of AMPLITAL ® during pregnancy and in the subsequent lactation period as much as possible, reserving it exclusively for cases of real need.

Interactions

In the light of the studies in the literature, the patient treated with AMPLITAL ® should pay particular attention to the contextual intake of:

• Allopurinol, given the increased risk of developing allergic reactions;
• Probenecid, responsible for the increase in blood concentrations and for the hepatic and renal side effects of ampicillin.

Still particularly debated are the possible consequences linked to the simultaneous administration of antibiotics and estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives, responsible for a probable lowering of contraceptive coverage.

Contraindications AMPLITAL ® Ampicillin

The use of AMPLITAL ® is contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to penicillins and cephalosporins or their excipients and during pregnancy and lactation.

Undesirable Effects - Side Effects

Although the intake of ampicillin is generally well tolerated, it is possible, especially in predisposed patients, that the therapy with AMPLITAL ® determines the appearance of gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea and nausea, renal pathologies such as tubulo-glomerular damage and urinary abnormalities, alterations haematological symptoms such as leukopenia, neutropenia and haemolytic anemia, neurological symptoms such as headache and dizziness.
Of particular clinical importance are also all the dermatological and non-dermatological manifestations, linked to hypersensitivity reactions towards the drug, potentially also responsible for bronchus and laryngospasm and anaphylactic shock.

Note

AMPLITAL ® is a drug subject to mandatory medical prescription.

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