In light of this, all those terms such as big finger, big finger, etc., for the first finger are therefore to be considered improper; illice, melluce, dilluce etc., for the second finger; trillice and trilluce, for the third finger; pondulo, pondo etc., for the fourth finger; minolo, minulo etc., for the 5th finger.
, joints, ligaments, tendons, blood vessels, nerves and, of course, the covering skin.
On the dorsal surface, the toes are provided with a "nail", useful for protection from trauma, support and sensitivity; on the plantar surface, on the other hand, they have a fleshy prominence, called the fingertip, on which the so-called dermatoglyphs are located, that is, the "set of ridges and furrows of the skin that make up a person's fingerprints.
As can be seen, the dorsal and plantar surfaces of the toes trace the same surfaces of the fingers.
The toes decisively support the human foot in its functions, functions which are:
- Ensure stability and balance to the human body during standing;
- Absorb and discharge a large part of the body weight on the ground;
- Allowing walking, from the simplest gestures such as walking to more complex ones such as running, jumping, jumping etc.
To understand the functions of the toes, think about who gets a phalangeal fracture: this person is no longer able to walk correctly (limps) and, due to the pain that is accentuated, is unable to run, jump, etc.
For further information: Toes: Anatomy, Functions and Pathologies and proceeding with the nomenclature from the medial side to the lateral side of the foot (ie from the "inside to the outside" of the foot), the answer to the question "what are the toes called" is:
- I finger o digitus primus;
- II finger o digitus secundus;
- III finger o digitus tertius;
- IV finger or digitus quartus;
- V finger or digitus quintus.
As the reader can see, the international convention ratified in 1998 decided, as regards the anatomical language, to name the toes with the first 5 Roman numerals, avoiding the use of terms that could in any way evoke the names of the fingers.
It should be noted that the Latin nomenclature shown together with the numerical one is not a variant (the accepted variants are others; see the next paragraph), but the word version of the same numerical nomenclature; after all, Latin is the language in which the so-called Anatomical Terminology is written, that is, the collection of all the terms used in human anatomy to define the macroscopic structures of the human body.
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