The term ephedra refers to the drug obtained from some plants belonging to the genus Ephedra, family Ephedraceae; they are widespread suffrutics in the dry areas of the temperate regions, including Italy, and in the tropical mountains; however, the species of greatest commercial interest - Ephedra sinica, Ephedra intermedia, Ephedra equisetina - are of predominantly Asian origin. The leaves are reduced to flakes, the stem and branches are green, slender, longitudinally streaked and angular, and it is precisely the area parts - harvested in autumn - that constitute the drug ephedra (also known as ma huang).
The drug ephedra, used for example in the form of an infusion, has the same indications as its characteristic alkaloids, but performs a "milder action and has fewer contraindications (either due to the smaller quantity of active ingredients taken, or to the modulatory action of the phytocomplex).However, the risk of harm from abuse and important contraindications have led many countries, including Italy and the United States, to ban the sale of ephedra and its once very popular inclusion in weight loss supplements. However, ephedrine and pseudofedrine continue to be used in various pharmaceutical products, many of them OTC.
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