Rhizome

The rhizome is a modified horizontal stem, similar to a root; it can crawl on the surface of the ground or be a few centimeters deep. From the rhizome stem roots, buds, leaves (reduced to protective scales of the buds themselves), stems and branches, often called suckers, not perennial.

The rhizome has the function of accumulating reserve nutrients and as such has a typical cylindrical, elongated and swollen appearance; another important function is to produce roots and stems that develop in correspondence with the buds. The rhizomes, whose shape is however quite variable, are characteristic of some herbaceous perennial plants, such as lily of the valley and grass, which they allow to survive between two successive growing seasons. Generally, the rhizome is perennial because it can live many years in the soil, while the stem that develops dries up and falls in autumn. The ability to produce roots and adventitious stems distinguishes the rhizome from the roots. is broken into several pieces, each of them retaining the ability to originate a new plant; this process, known as vegetative reproduction, is exploited by farmers and gardeners for the reproduction of flowering plants; it is the same reason why the weed is so difficult to eradicate.

Characteristic rhizomes belong to plants known as turmeric and ginger, from whose rhizome the homonymous spices are obtained.

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