Specific changes in gene expression are observed, which participate in the remodeling and enhancement of contractile tissue.
In this article we will try to better understand how these new discoveries can be useful to achieve better results in training or for health purposes.
For further information: Epigenetics: What it is and Therapeutic Utility regular has a protective role against various ailments, such as: obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer and various neurological conditions; this also has a positive effect on the overall risk of mortality.The beneficial effects of training are mainly modulated by adaptations of skeletal muscle tissue. These include changes in the expression of genes that control substrate utilization and metabolic efficiency in the same district.
In addition, we also know that various systemic effects occur that impact on the homeostasis of the whole body, triggering the release of factors that signal from the muscle to distal tissues such as brain, liver and adipose tissue.
But what are the mechanisms that regulate these effects?
non-coding, which overlap sequences called enhancers or intensifiers.These are short segments of DNA (50-1500 bp) that have the ability to bind to specific proteins (activators or transcription factors) to increase the transcription potential towards a particular gene. They are cis-agents that can be located up to 1 Mbp (1,000,000 bp) away from the gene
Today more than 1.5 million of them are known, on hundreds of human cell lines, demonstrating that their activity is highly dynamic. Therefore, their mapping in different tissues or in different physiological conditions can clarify the mechanisms by which the genetic variants associated with certain diseases regulate phenotypic changes and predispose to the disease itself.
It is therefore conceivable that training affects the activity of intensifiers in skeletal muscle and that this process contributes to the beneficial effect of exercise on human health.
may effectively remodel the activity of gene enhancers in skeletal muscle, and that this remodeling contributes to its beneficial effects on human health.
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